The liver plays important roles in the detoxification of xenobiotics. Hepatobiliary transporters contribute to hepatic uptake and efflux processes of xenobiotecs. Expressions of these transporters may be modulated under the condition of hepatic failure. Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats provide a pertinent model for basic and clinical studies on hepatitis. However, only a few reports describing th...

Transporters are membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the flux of molecules into and out of cells. Drug transporters did not evolve to transport specific drugs. Instead, their primary functions are to transport nutrients or endogenous substrates, such as sugars, amino acids, nucleotides, and vitamins, or to protect the body from dietary and environmental toxins. However, th...

A series of aminopyrrolic receptors were tested as anion transporters using POPC liposome model membranes. Many were found to be effective Cl(-) transporters and to inhibit clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus growth in vitro. The best transporters proved effective against the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, Mu50 and HP1173. Tris-thiourea tren-based chloride tra...

Transporter proteins play an important role in taking up nutrients into and effluxing xenobiotics out of cells to sustain cell survival. Transporters that affect drug absorption, distribution and excretion are the so-called drug transporters. In the last decade, a number of studies revealed interactions between drug transporters and clinically important anticancer agents. Utilizing the knowledg...

cDNA clones encoding two novel gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporters (designated GAT-2 and GAT-3) have been isolated from rat brain, and their functional properties have been examined in mammalian cells. The transporters display high affinity for GABA (Km approximately 10 microM) and exhibit pharmacological properties distinct from the previously cloned neuronal GABA transporter (GAT-1). ...

among abiotic stresses, salinity has been increasing over the time for many reasons like using chemical fertilizers, global warming and rising sea levels. under salinity stress, the loss of water availability, toxicity of na+ and ion imbalance directly reduces carbon fixation and biomass production in plants. k+ is a major agent that can counteract na+ stresses, thus the potential of plants to ...

In this paper, we discuss the multi-depot vehicle routing problem with regard to mobile beekeeping. Considering that beekeepers usually do not have their own land plots rarely rely on external transporters and often plots, present a fully functional platform pair beekeepers, transporters, plot owners. Two algorithms for calculating optimal beekeeping routes are developed in order increase honey...

Objective(s):Transporters have an important role in pharmacokinetics of drugs. Inhibition or induction of drug transporters activity can affect drug absorption, safety, and efficacy. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is the most important membrane transporter that is responsible for active efflux of drugs. It is important to understand which drugs are substrates, inhibitors, or inducers of P-gp to minimize...

Objective(s): Crocetin, one of the main substances of saffron extract, has anti-cancer effects. Drug resistance proteins (e.g. MRP1 and MRP2) are important reasons for the failure of cancer therapy. We intended to investigate the efficacy of crocetin on MRP1 and MRP2 activity in human ovarian cisplatin-resistant carcinoma cell line (A2780-RCIS).Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic effect of cro...