A gene fusion library of Vibrio cholerae classical strain O395 was generated by using a broad host range vector for delivery of the transposon TnphoA. The insertion library was screened for colonies expressing alkaline phosphatase-positive (PhoA+) fusion proteins on LB agar at 30 degrees C in the presence of 0.2% glucose. Over 600 PhoA+ strains were isolated and then tested for regulation of th...

BACKGROUND Virulence genes can spread among commensal bacteria through horizontal gene transfer. The bacterium with novel virulence factors may pose a severe threat to public health because of the absence of a management system unlike known pathogens. Especially, when a pathogenic bacterium acquires a new kind of virulence genes, it tends to exhibit stronger virulence. In this study, we analyze...

the bacterium oceanimonas sp. (o. sp.) gk1 is a member of the aeromonadaceae family and its genome represents several virulence genes involved in fish and human pathogenicity. in this original research study we aimed to identify and characterize the putative virulence factors and pathogenicity of this halotolerant marine bacterium using genome wide analysis. materials and methods: the genome da...

objective: aflatoxin is important in the food industry, in animal husbandry and the medical area; there are enormous negative economic impacts due to this toxin. numerous studies have researched extracts and plant compounds with the intent to reduce the growth of aflatoxin-producing organisms, inhibit toxin production and suppress the major toxin encoded genes (i.e., aflr) in these organisms. l...

fusion of two genes at dna level produces a single protein, known as a chimeric protein. immunotoxins are chimeric proteins composed of specific cell targeting and cell killing moieties. bacterial or plant toxins are commonly used as the killing moieties of the chimeric immunotoxins. in this investigation, the catalytic domain of shiga-like toxin (a1) was fused to human granulocyte macrophage c...

the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of enterotoxigenic and enteroaggregative strains ofescherichia coli in chicken carcasses by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). in this study 63 strains of e. coliwere isolated from 110 samples of chicken carcasses during processing after chilling in the poultry slaughterhouse of shahrekord. polymerase chain reaction assays were used to detect t...

shiga toxin producing escherichia coli have been associated with hus, hc and ttp in human. we found recto-anal mucosal sample in sheep as well in cattle is the main site for e. coli o157 localization. 1246 e. coli isolates from 872 both healthy and diarrheic animals were analyzed, by screening for the presence of shiga toxin-producing (vt 1 and vt 2) and intimin (eae) genes used multiplex pcr. ...

In addition to the two large clostridial cytotoxins (TcdA and TcdB), some strains of Clostridium difficile also produce an actin-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase, called binary toxin CDT. We used a PCR method and Southern blotting for the detection of genes encoding the enzymatic (CDTa) and binding (CDTb) components of the binary toxin in 369 strains isolated from patients with suspected C. diff...

Clostridium perfringens type C isolates cause enteritis necroticans in humans or necrotizing enteritis and enterotoxemia in domestic animals. Type C isolates always produce alpha toxin and beta toxin but often produce additional toxins, e.g., beta2 toxin or enterotoxin. Since plasmid carriage of toxin-encoding genes has not been systematically investigated for type C isolates, the current study...

Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli have been associated with HUS, HC and TTP in human. We found recto-anal mucosal sample in sheep as well in cattle is the main site for E. coli O157 localization. 1246 E. coli isolates from 872 both healthy and diarrheic animals were analyzed, by screening for the presence of Shiga toxin-producing (VT 1 and VT 2) and intimin (eae) genes used Multiplex PCR. ...