Quality problems in continuous casting of steel can be identified as they occur by monitoring mold signals (level sensor, thermocouples in the mold walls, friction etc.) and taking appropriate action (such as slowing casting speed, changing taper, changing a clogged nozzle, or later visual inspection of the surface for possible downgrading. Surface depressions and groups of deep oscillation mar...

Thermocouples are constructed of two dissimilar metals such as Chromel and Constantan (Type E) or Nicrosil and Nisil (Type N). The two dissimilar metals are bonded together on one end of both wires with a weld bead. This bead is exposed to the thermal environment of interest. If there is a temperature difference between the bead and the other end of the thermocouple wires, a voltage will appear...

This paper reports the detailed description and validation of a fully automated, computer controlled analytical method to spatially probe the gas composition and thermal characteristics in packed bed systems. As an exemplar, we have examined a heterogeneously catalysed gas phase reaction within the bed of a powdered oxide supported metal catalyst. The design of the gas sampling and the temperat...

A Robot suitable for automatically extinguishing the fire during fire accidents is presented in this paper. The Robot moves in the direction with respect to the fire intensity and avoids self-destruction using calcium silicate boards shielded with, that are capable of withstanding very high temperatures. The principle used, was designed and experimented at a temperature of 300°C. The temperatur...

Vessel outlet A B ABSTRACT Measurements of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) induced temperature rise using thermocouples in tissue phantoms are subject to several types of error which must be accounted for in order to accurately assess the thermal field and predict the outcome of clinical procedures. Thermocouple artifacts due to viscous heating is one source of error. A second source o...

BACKGROUND Four infrared aural canal thermometers are currently available in Japan: Genius, Thermoscan, Quickthermo, and Thermopit. We therefore tested the hypothesis that each is sufficiently accurate and precise for clinical use. METHODS For the purpose of this investigation, we considered accuracy to be the mean difference between the test thermometers and the reference thermocouple. Preci...

We processed applesauce, tomato juice, and cranberries in pint jars in a boiling water canner to test thermal processing theories against home canning of high-acid foods. For each product, thermocouples were placed at various heights in the jar. Values for f h (heating), f cl (cooling), and F 82.2°C (lethality) were determined for each thermocouple location, and did not depend substantially on ...