We investigated individual difference predictors of ascribing ingroup characteristics to negative and positive ambiguous targets. Studies 1 and 2 investigated events involving negative targets whose status as racial (Tsarnaev brothers) or national (Woolwich attackers) ingroup members remained ambiguous. Immediately following the attacks, we presented White Americans and British individuals with...

This article provides an empirical investigation of the determinants of terrorism at the country level. In contrast with the previous literature on this subject, which focuses on transnational terrorism only, I use a new measure of terrorism that encompasses both domestic and transnational terrorism. In line with the results of some recent studies, this article shows that terrorist risk is not ...

Nowadays, as the Internet user increased, the number of cyber threats is also increased. Internet has provided a medium for criminal to do the crime and become the target for cyber terrorist to spread their negative propaganda, and promote extreme activities. One of the crimes is cyber terrorism. Cyber terrorism became more sophisticated and it difficult to discover its activities. Hence, this ...

This paper investigates the potential use of dialog-based ALICEbots in disseminating terrorism information to the general public. In particular, we study the acceptance and response satisfaction of ALICEbot responses in both the general conversation and terrorism domains. From our analysis of three different knowledge sets: general conversation, terrorism, and combined, we found that users were...

Today, nine OECD countries have national terrorism insurance programs based on some type of public-private risk sharing. While such arrangements helped provide the necessary insurance capacity in the post-September 11, 2001 era, little is known about the impact of such governmental intervention in terrorism insurance markets. This paper focuses on the United States, where the Terrorism Risk Ins...

As today’s information security professionals, both in private and public organizations, work towards learning and countering the threats posed by destructive viruses and worms; Distributed Denial of Service exploits; and intrusions to disrupt vulnerable systems, there is another major threat of “cyber terrorism” that is looming around the corner. Primarily targeted at government agencies and p...

Establishing tolerable levels of risk is one of the most contentious and important risk management decisions. With every regulatory or funding decision for a risk management program, society decides whether or not risk is tolerable. The Urban Area Security Initiative (UASI) is a Department of Homeland Security (DHS) grant program designed to enhance security and overall preparedness to prevent,...

This article empirically analyzes the effects of terrorism on the electoral choices of the Turkish voters in the 1991 and 1995 general elections. It relies on a unique data set that includes the date and the place of burial of Turkish soldiers and police officers who died in the fight against the terrorist organization PKK. I employ the number of these security force terror casualties at the di...

This paper highlights five areas where economic analysis of terrorism has had the greatest policy relevance during the last 30 years. These areas involve evaluating the effectiveness of counterterrorism actions, identifying the causes of terrorism, measuring the economic ramification of terrorism, analyzing the time-series dynamics of terrorist events, and formulating game-theoretic representat...

Most theories of terrorism would lead one to have expected high levels of antiwhite terrorism in apartheid South Africa. Yet the African National Congress, the country’s most important and influential antiapartheid political organization, never sanctioned terrorism against the dominant white minority. I argue that the ANC eschewed terrorism because of its commitment to “nonracial internationali...