Scholarly inquiries into communalism in South Asia have often exclusively focused on politically constructed religious and ethnic identity categories. This article challenges these assumptions by arguing that territoriality and the designation of homelands played an important, but largely unrecognized, role in developing social and political boundaries in the region. By analyzing the writings o...

The overall sizes, contours, and positions of the receptive fields maintained by different individual cells of the T, P, and N types of mechanosensory neurons in the segmental skin of the leech Haementeria ghilianii are not subject to wide variation. However, the locations and contours of the boundaries which separate the various compartments of the sensory field, namely, the major and minor fi...

A study group of blue monkeys in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya, provides data on friendly relationships between adult females. Females are invariably antagonistic toward members of other groups, and collaborate with their own groupmates in defending territorial boundaries. Females are primarily responsible for these aggressive intergroup encounters, which occur every other day on average. Encounte...

In mammals, a low molecular mass protein (17-20 KDa) reported from the pheromone sources such as urine, saliva, glandular secretion, etc., as ligand-carrier (pheromone carrier) has been associated with chemo-communication. Since the preorbital gland post is one of the major pheromone sources in Indian Blackbuck, an endangered species, we assumed that it possibly contains low molecular mass prot...

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.01.008 0003-3472/© 2016 The Association for the Study of A In many species, aggressive individuals outcompete their less aggressive conspecifics for resources such as food and access to mates. Nevertheless, variation in aggression is maintained in populations, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that aggre...

Male jacky dragons, Amphibolurus muricatus, indicate territoriality to rivals during the mating season through the use of stereotyped motor displays. The relationship between corticosterone (B) and testosterone (T) and its effects on territorial display expression were investigated in captive lizards. Results demonstrated that territorial display production was most effectively predicted by ele...

The life-history trade-off between self-maintenance and reproduction posits that investment in one function decreases investment in the other. Manipulating the costs and benefits of functions involved in a trade-off may alter this interaction. Here we ask whether investment in self-maintenance during a stress response alters territorial behavior in wild Dark-eyed Juncos and whether rural and ur...

Territorial control is a key aspect shaping the dynamics of civil war. Despite its importance, we lack data on territorial control that are fine-grained enough to account for subnational spatio-temporal variation and that cover a large set of conflicts. To resolve this issue, we propose a theoretical model of the relationship between territorial control and tactical choice in civil war and outl...

Modern information and communication technologies, especially the Internet, have diminished the role of spatial distances and territorial boundaries on the access and transmissibility of information. This has enabled scientists for closer collaboration and internationalization. Nevertheless, geography remains an important factor affecting the dynamics of science. Here we present a systematic an...

Group defense of territories is found in many gregarious mammalian carnivores, including lions, canids, and hyenas. In these taxa, group members often mark territory boundaries and direct aggressive behavior towards alien conspecifics found within the territory (Boydston, Morelli, & Holekamp, 2001). Middle Pleistocene hominids such as Neanderthals occupied an ecological niche similar to such la...