This study examines a troubling phenomenon occurring recently in several Latin American economies: a marked slowdown in bank credit to the private sector. Based on the study of five countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, and Mexico), we first document the magnitude of the problem, asking how severe and prolonged has the slowdown been and how this behavior compare with the past? Second, ...

Axisymmetric jets impinging perpendicularly on a wall are encountered in a variety of real-life situations such as Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) processes (Goodwin, 2003). Although the fluid mechanics of the wall-impinging jets are interesting phenomena in their own right, this topic is studied here for two reasons. The first is to assess the extent to which experimental data and numerical da...

Empirical evidence questions fundamental concepts of the human population dynamics. One of the key conclusions of this study is that positive checks activate the efficient Malthusian regeneration mechanism, suggesting that the Epoch of Malthusian Stagnation, the first stage of growth claimed by the Demographic Transition Theory, did not exist.

This paper develops and uses a computation model to explore the transient ignition dynamics of catalytic combustion in a stagnation-flow configuration. The analysis considers the elementary heterogeneous chemistry associated with catalytic behavior at the surface. It also considers gas-dynamic effects in the boundary layer, including temporal and spatial pressure variations. The gas-dynamic eff...

In this paper, the computational investigations have been performed to study the pressure and velocity characteristics of an incompressible fluid flowing through a plain symmetric suddenly expanded and contracted rectangular channel. The two-dimensional steady differential equations for conservation of mass and momentum are solved for the Reynolds number (Re) ranging from 50 to 350, the expansi...

Wave-packet interference is investigated within the complex quantum Hamilton-Jacobi formalism using a hydrodynamic description. Quantum interference leads to the formation of the topological structure of quantum caves in space-time Argand plots. These caves consist of the vortical and stagnation tubes originating from the isosurfaces of the amplitude of the wave function and its first derivativ...

Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common gynecologic complain, especially among young women. It influences daily activities, and lowers life quality. In clinical practice, non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used as the firstline treatment for dysmenorrhea. However, longterm use of these medications is associated with side effects. Some Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) were reported ...

Dynamic models give detailed information about the influence of many parameters on the behaviour of the biochemical process of interest. Parameter optimization of dynamic models is used in parameter estimation tasks and in design tasks. A drawback of the popular family of global stochastic optimization methods is the stochastic nature of the convergence of the best value of objective function t...

We develop a reduced-order model for large-scale unsteadiness (vortex shedding) in a two-dimensional diffuser and use the model to show how periodic mass injection near the separation point reduces stagnation pressure loss. The model estimates the characteristic frequency of vortex shedding and stagnation pressure loss by accounting for the accumulated circulation due to the vorticity flux into...

The standard analysis in macroeconomics depends on the assumption of the representative agent. However, when the degree of uncertainty becomes significant, we cannot ignore a simple fact that the macroeconomy consists of a large number of heterogeneous agents. In this paper, we demonstrate the importance of the combinatory aspect. Specifically, the effectiveness of policy necessarily weakens as...