The Midcontinent Rift System of North America is a ?1.1 Ga large igneous province comprising mainly flood basalts and intrusive rocks. We present new data for the Pillar Lake Volcanics Inspiration Sill from northern edge in northwestern Nipigon Embayment. comprise ?20–40 m thick, flat-lying sequence mafic pillowed massive flows, flow breccia, hyaloclastite breccia. They are characterized by SiO...

There have been many published studies aiming to identify temporal changes in river flow time series, most of which use monotonic trend tests such as the Mann–Kendall test. Although robust to both the distribution of the data and incomplete records, these tests have important limitations and provide no information as to whether a change in variability mirrors a change in magnitude. This study d...

hydraulic jump on adverse stilling basin is an unstable phenomenon which causes some complexities in controlling of the   jump. this paper considers the stability of free hydraulic jump on adverse stilling basins from a theoretical point of view. a minimum value of upstream froude number is needed to produce the free hydraulic jump on adverse stilling basins which was presented by a theoretical...

Many calderas show remarkable unrest, which often does not culminate in eruptions (non-eruptive unrest). In this context the interpretation of the geophysical data collected by the monitoring networks is difficult. When the unrest is eruptive, a vent opening process occurs, which leads to an eruption. In calderas, vent locations typically are scattered over a large area and monogenic cones form...