Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness and visual impairment, affecting more than 80 million individuals worldwide. Oxidative stress inflammation-induced neurodegenerative insults to retinal ganglion cells are main pathogenesis glaucoma. Retinal cells, neurons transmitting signals cortex in brain, have very limited regeneration or recovery capacity after damages. Apart from int...

Glaucoma is a complex neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive visual dysfunction leading to vision loss. Retinal ganglion cells are the primary affected neuronal population, with a critical insult damaging their axons in the optic nerve head. This insult is typically secondary to harmfully high levels of intraocular pressure (IOP). We have previously determined that early mitocho...

Nictonic cholinergic responses have been previously documented in mammalian retinal ganglion cells. In the present study, dissociated retinal cells were densely plated and grown in a specific batch of rat serum. When held at negative potentials during whole-cell recording with a patch electrode, the retinal ganglion cells located close to presumptive cholinergic amacrine cells in these cultures...

The ganglion cells of the cat's retina form several classes distinguishable in terms of soma size, axon diameter, dendritic morphology, physiological properties, and central connections. Labeling with [3H]thymidine shows that the ganglion cells which survive in the adult are produced as several temporally shifted, overlapping waves: medium-sized cells are produced before large cells, whereas th...

INTRODUCTION Several studies have indicated that autoimmune and neuroinflammatory processes contribute to the neurodegeneration of retinal ganglion cells in human glaucoma patients and in animal models. To test the involvement of cellular immune processes in the pathophysiology of retinal ganglion cell degeneration in vivo, we carried out adoptive transfer experiments from two independent genet...

To investigate the protective effect of quercetin on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response retinal ganglion cell line 5 cells and to explore its possible molecular mechanism. Retinal were cultured in vitro assigned into blank control group, lipopolysaccharide (1.0 μg/ml) induction lipopolysaccharide+low dose (0.25 lipopolysaccharide+medium (0.5 group lipopolysaccharide+high group. Th...

It is now a decade since the first published reports that a small proportion of mammalian retinal ganglion cells are directly photoresponsive. These cells have been termed intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) and comprise a small proportion of the total population of retinal ganglion cells. The demonstration that these ganglion cells respond to light even when isolated f...

31 32 Retinal implants are intended to help patients with degenerative conditions by electrically 33 stimulating surviving cells to produce artificial vision. However, little is known about how 34 individual retinal ganglion cells respond to direct electrical stimulation in degenerating retina. 35 Here we used a transgenic rat model to characterize ganglion cell responses to light and 36 electr...

The retinal degeneration resulting from elevated intraocular pressure was evaluated through functional and morphological analyses, for better understanding of the pathophysiology of glaucoma. Ocular hypertension was induced via unilateral episcleral venous cauterization in rats. Experimental time was set at 1 and 3 days, and 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-operation. Retinal function was analyzed usi...

The development of the visual system in anamniotic vertebrates is a continual process, allowing for ontogenetic changes in retinal topography and spatial resolving power. We examined the number and distribution of retinal ganglion cells in wholemounted retinae throughout the protracted embryonic development (∼5 months) of a chondrichthyan, i.e. the brown-banded bamboo shark Chiloscyllium puncta...