In this paper we look at the relationship between crime and economic incentives in a different way to other work in this area. We look at changes in unemployment benefits and the imposition of benefit sanctions as a means of studying the way that people on the margins of crime may react to economic incentives. The paper relies on a quasiexperimental setting induced by the introduction of the Jo...

Using the recommended daily allowance (RDA) to assess dietary adequacy implies making a direct comparison between RDA and some measure of dietary intake. The value and usefulness of doing so must clearly depend on the limitations of each. By definition the RDA are intended to cover ‘the average amount of the nutrient, which should be provided per head in a group of people if the needs of practi...

A unified picture of nucleon antinucleon annihilation into pions emerges from a classical description of the pion wave produced in annihilation and the subsequent quantization of that wave as a coherent state. When the constraints of energy-momentum and iso-spin conservation are imposed on the coherent state, the pion number distribution and charge ratios are found to be in excellent agreement ...

When users of source-level debugging and monitoring programs choose to inspect the state of the program at a certain line number, it is desirable that effects of logically prior source statements be in the picture presented to the user, and that effects of subsequent statements not be in it. However, as optimizations change, drop and reorder code fragments, concerted effort is required of the c...

From 1990–1997, use of nutritional supplements in the United States increased 130% (Eisenberg et al., 1993, 1998). In 1997, $5.1 billion was spent on supplements in the United States (Eisenberg et al., 1998). Nutritional supplementation has become an important component of many diets because people believe they do not get adequate nutrition from food alone (Murray, 1996). Ideally, nutritional n...

The 2011 vitamin D recommendations set by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine was the first time that Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) and Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) were given for vitamin D. Previous versions (i.e., 1997 and earlier) used Adequate Intakes, implying less certainty of evidence to determine the EAR. It is difficult to set requirements for vitami...