In this study, a new numerical method is introduced to obtain the exact shape of output pulse in the chalcogenide fiber Bragg grating (FBG). A Gaussian pulse shape with 173 ps width is used as an input pulse for lunching to a 6.6 mm nonlinear FBG. Because of bistable and hysteresis nature of nonlinear FBG the time sequence of each portion of pulse is affected the shape of output pulse. So we di...

Introduction: Mouse models are increasingly used to investigate functional and cardiovascular parameters. Measurements of blood flow patterns, vessel wall strain and pulse wave velocity have been used for the evaluation of the arterial function and cardiovascular risk [1]. However noninvasive methods for measuring hemodynamic parameters such as blood pressure are not yet available. In this work...

A new technique for generating an approximate replica of Gaussian pulses with good accuracy is proposed and investigated. The Gaussian function is approximated with a waveform that results from the convolution of two triangles. The proposed pulse performs better than other previously reported pulse. The results show good agreement not only for the Gaussian pulse but also for its first and secon...

In this article we obtain estimates on the approximate eigenstructure of channels with a spreading function supported only on a set of finite measure |U |. Because in typical application like wireless communication the spreading function is a random process corresponding to a random Hilbert–Schmidt channel operator H we measure this approximation in terms of the ratio of the p–norm of the devia...

The pulse shape deformation of 80 ps Gaussian input transmitted through a Fabry-P6rot has been determined experimentally and theoretically as a function of the mirror spacing. The effect of mirror surface imperfections is discussed and it is shown that for not too large imperfections there is a strong influence on the transmitted pulse energy whereas the transmitted pulse shape remains almost u...

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical study with an extra non-treatment group was performed to measure the effect of a single dose of standardized SHR-5 Rhodiola rosea extract on capacity for mental work against a background of fatigue and stress. An additional objective was to investigate a possible difference between two doses, one dose being chosen as the st...

Three-dimensional numerical computations were carried out to understand the overlap effect of the transmitted pulses in a cubic participating medium subjected to a diffuse square pulse train using the transient discrete ordinates method with the pulse boundary condition. In concrete terms, the effects of the pulse width and pulse train interval on the divergence of radiative heat flux were scru...

The evolution of airborne lidar mapping systems has been largely driven toward ever-increasing laser pulse repetition frequencies (PRF) for higher density model applications. The greater pulse rates increase the density of points on the ground, providing a higher resolution and detailed representation of the target surface. In combination with an appropriate scanning system, they can provide mo...

Oxygen saturation of arterial blood (SaO2) was assessed in children after discontinuing N2O/O2 sedation for dental procedures. Two post-treatment methods were used: breathing 100% O2 for 5 min after the procedure, and breathing room air for 5 min. Participants were 24 healthy children ages 41 to 113 months. Each child was treated twice and a crossover design was used. The mean length of procedu...