Organ shortage for transplantation remains a worldwide serious problem for kidney patients with end-stage renal failure, and several countries have tried different models to address this issue. Iran has 20 years of experience with one such model that involves the active role of the government and charity foundations. Patients with a desperate demand for a kidney have given rise to a black marke...

CSO budget work takes place in a range of dramatically different contexts, in terms of political systems, levels of economic development, and the strength and capacity of civil society. At the same time, the IBP and its partner organizations implement programs that have sufficient similarity for us to begin to assess which strategies work best in which contexts and, therefore, contribute to sys...

Three-dimensional television (3D TV) is expected by many to be the next step in the advancement of television. Due to significant financial exhaustion during the process of transition from analogue to digital production, low-budget broadcasters are not in the position to invest in a new 3D system. This paper proposes one model-driven framework approach to 3D TV production system applicable to a...

Everyone likes Porsche but few can afford it. Budget constraints always play a critical role in a customer’s decision-making. The literature disproportionally focuses on how firms can induce customer valuations toward the product, but does not address how to assess the influence of budget constraints. We study these questions in the context of a referral reward program (RRP). RRP is a prominent...

This descriptive cross sectional census study identified the perceptions of Extension and Outreach employees of Iowa State University in the United States about job autonomy and control after two years of a major restructuring. Employees perceived autonomy and control over expressing views and ideas about their work and spending time on the job but perceived little influence over budget allocat...

poverty has been the fundamental development goal of every administration in the country. However, despite the government's various poverty reduction programs, the increase in the number of poor remains unabated. Given the ineffective and wasteful subsidy programs in the past, the government's preparedness to implement an intervention like the CCT, which requires large budgets and exceptional a...

the nonlinear budget set in the labor supply application, Figure A1 depicts a nonlinear budget set induced by a simple progressive tax. The after-tax wage, w, that a worker faces varies with the tax rate, t.2 The labor supply application examines the effect of the after-tax wage (the slope) on hours (the horizontal axis) controlling for income (the vertical axis). Similarly, I examine the effec...

the nonlinear budget set in the labor supply application, Figure A1 depicts a nonlinear budget set induced by a simple progressive tax. The after-tax wage, w, that a worker faces varies with the tax rate, t.2 The labor supply application examines the effect of the after-tax wage (the slope) on hours (the horizontal axis) controlling for income (the vertical axis). Similarly, I examine the effec...