The relationship between depression and dementia is complex and still not well understood. A number of different views exist regarding how the two conditions are linked as well as the underlying neurobiological mechanisms at work. This narrative review examined longitudinal and cross sectional studies in the existing literature and determined the evidence supporting depression being a risk fact...

OBJECTIVE There is uncertainty regarding the onset timing of the cognitive deficiencies of schizophrenia. We investigated whether conversion to psychosis and/or olanzapine altered the neuropsychological course of subjects within the first-ever double blind medication study of the putative schizophrenia first episode prodrome. METHOD Sixty participants in a double blind trial of olanzapine as ...

Many patients with epilepsy have warning symptoms prior to seizure onset, and some of these individuals report the ability to abort or prevent these seizures. We investigated the clinical characteristics of perceived self-control of seizures in 174 patients with uncontrolled partial epilepsy. The warning symptoms were categorized as premonitory (prodrome) and as initial symptoms of simple parti...

Cogan’s syndrome is a rare, multisystem disease which occurs predominantly in children and young adults. It was originally described as the combination of interstitial keratitis and audiovestibular disturbance, but other forms of ocular disease, as well as systemic vasculitis, have since been recognised as part of the syndrome. Diagnosis can be diYcult if the various manifestations occur separa...

Mild encephalitis / encephalopathy with reversible splenial syndrome (MERS) is a rare clinico-radiological entity characterized by mild to moderate neurological symptoms following prodrome. Numerous infectious causes have been documented, most common being viruses and few bacteria (E. coli, Salmonella, Streptococcus & Legionella). MRI typically shows an isolated lesion in the splenium of co...

Recently, interventions for the psychotic prodrome have gained considerable interest. The goal of early interventions for prepsychotic, but symptomatic, individuals is to reduce disability and impairment by ameliorating subpsychotic symptoms and, potentially, preventing the progression into a full-blown psychotic disorder. However, several central questions regarding early interventions for the...

BACKGROUND The spectrum of neurologic disease attributable to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children is incompletely understood in part because of limitations of microbiologic diagnostic methods. Our objective was to characterize the neurologic complications of M. pneumoniae in children using stringent diagnostic criteria. METHODS All children admitted to the Hospital for Sick Children over a 16-y...