A law is designed for simultaneous control of the orientation of an Earth-pointing spacecraft, the energy stored by counter-rotating flywheels, and the angular momentum of the flywheels and control moment gyroscopes used together as an integrated set of actuators for attitude control. General , nonlinear equations of motion are presented in vector-dyadic form, and used to obtain approximate exp...

Chiral amines and amino acids play an important role in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical and chemical industry. They are frequently used as synthons for the preparation of various pharmaceutically active substances and agrochemicals, or as resolving agents for chiral acids. Consequently, there is a need for efficient methods to obtain the desired R or S enantiomer in an optically pure form. The...

Traditionally, reaction conversion and enantiomeric excess (% ee) of products are monitored using two separate HPLC or GC systems, one system for monitoring the reaction conversion and the other system for determining the % ee. In addition, in-process samples are usually sampled manually, limiting the continuous monitoring of reaction process. For the first time, a fully automated on-line achir...

Molecular motors are enzymes that couple the energy from nucleoside triphosphate hydrolysis to movement along a filament lattice. The three cytoskeletal motor superfamilies include myosin, dynein, and kinesin. However, in the last decade it has become apparent that the nucleic acid-based enzymes (DNA and RNA polymerases as well as the DNA helicases) share a number of mechanistic features in com...

Approaches have been developed for the kinetic dissection of eukaryotic translation initiation in vitro using rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes and a crude preparation of initiation factors. These new approaches have allowed the kinetics of formation of the 43S and 80S ribosomal complexes to be followed and have substantially improved the ability to follow formation of the first peptide bond. The r...

background the goal of the present study was the preparation and evaluation of griseofulvin topical gel as a drug dosage form with appropriate efficacy and stability. material and methods to select the best formulation, formulations with different concentration of carbomer and hpmc were evaluated for their appearance. then evaluated for physicochemical characteristics such as rheologic behavior...

A novel model consisting of basic micro-processes has been developed on the basis of the classic diffusion theory. It is first time that the concept of exchange rate has been introduced and the growing process of surfactant-mediated epitaxial thin-film growth has been simulated with Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) technique. The results of simulation found that the exchange reaction of RLA model is a...