Spider is a long-duration, balloon-borne polarimeter designed to measure large scale Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization with very high sensitivity and control of systematics. The instrument will map over half the sky with degree angular resolution in I, Q and U Stokes parameters, in four frequency bands from 96 to 275 GHz. Spider ’s ultimate goal is to detect the primordial gravity ...

Physiological characteristics play a dominant role in characterization, classification, and speciation of procaryotes. Because of limited morphological diversity, conventional systematics of these microorganisms still is in a disappointing state. Fortunately, with many Actinomycetales morphological diversity does occur. This diversity can be used to advantage in systematics because it represent...

The maximum superheating and undercooling achievable at various heating ~or cooling! rates were investigated based on classical nucleation theory and undercooling experiments, molecular dynamics ~MD! simulations, and dynamic experiments. The highest ~or lowest! temperature Tc achievable in a superheated solid ~or an undercooled liquid! depends on a dimensionless nucleation barrier parameter b a...

The core concept of phylogenetic systematics is the use of derived or apomorphic characters to reconstruct common ancestry relationships and the grouping of taxa based on common ancestry. This concept, first formalized by Hennig (1950, 1966), has been slowly, and not so quietly, changing the nature of systematics. Why should we be interested in this approach? What about phylogenetic systematics...

2The Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Program for Molecular Systematics Studies, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458-5126 USA; 3Molecular Systematics Section, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK; 4University of Michigan Herbarium, North University Building, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1057 USA; and 5Molecular Biology Building, Iowa State Univ...