To the extent that the worth of scientific or philosophical efforts can be assessed by the number of productive research avenues they open up, this is definitely an important book. It deserves careful consideration by scientists, mathematicians, psychologists, and philosophers. Since it does not fit neatly into any usual category but rather stands athwart many research-areas, its reception may ...

Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 80 (1999) 136–156 0031–5621/99/0200–0000 © 1999 University of Southern California and Blackwell Publishers Ltd. Published by Blackwell Publishers, 108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK and 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA. Abstract: Those interested in securing the compatibility of anti-individualism and introspective knowledge of content (henceforth ‘compati...

From the very beginning, logicians have counted practical (or action-oriented) reasoning as well as theoretical (or belief-oriented) reasoning as part of their subject. However, despite a tradition that continues to the present, logicians have not produced formalisms that could be considered of any use in designing an agent that needs to act intelligently, or in helping an intelligent agent to ...

The rationality paradox centers on the observation that people are highly intelligent, yet show evidence of errors and biases in their thinking when measured against normative standards. Elqayam and Evans' (2011) reject normative standards in the psychological study of thinking, reasoning and deciding in favor of a 'value-free' descriptive approach to studying high-level cognition. In reviewing...

most contemporary clinical reasoning tests typically assess non-automatic thinking. therefore, a test is needed to measure automatic reasoning or pattern recognition, which has been largely neglected in clinical reasoning tests. the puzzle test (pt) is dedicated to assess automatic clinical reasoning in routine situations. this test has been introduced first in 2009 by monajemi et al in the oly...

The liar paradox is still an open philosophical problem. Most contemporary answers to the target logical principles underlying reasoning from sentence paradoxical conclusion that both true and false. In contrast these answers, Buddhist epistemology offers resources devise a distinctively epistemological approach paradox. this paper, I mobilise argue what epistemologists call contradiction with ...

In the philosophical theory of communicative action, rationality refers to interpersonal communication rather than to a knowing subject. Thus, a social view of rationality is suggested. The theory differentiates between two kinds of rationality, the emancipative communicative and the strategic or instrumental reasoning. Using experimental designs in an fMRI setting, recent studies explored simi...

Abstract Charles Sanders Peirce offers a number of arguments against the rational application theory to morality, suggesting instead that morality should be grounded in instinct. maintains we currently lack scientific knowledge would justify structuring morality. This being case, philosophically generated moralities cannot otherwise than dogmatic and dangerous. In this paper, I contend Peirce’s...

Scientific claims can be assessed epistemically in either of two ways: according to scientific standards, or by means of philosophical arguments such as the no-miracle argument in favor of scientific realism. This paper investigates the basis of this duality of epistemic assessments. It is claimed that the duality rests on two different notions of epistemic justification that are well-known fro...

The main purpose of the article is to analyze statements philosophical Ukrainian Studies about anthropological specifics thought by means historical-philosophical cultural-predicative analysis. research methodology was determined primarily concept cultural attribution and translation in dialogue languages historical cultures Poznań Methodological School (J. Topolski, W. Wrzosek, E. Domańska) cu...