We argued in our article, Patent Holdup and Royalty Stacking, that the threat to obtain a permanent injunction can greatly enhance a patent holder’s negotiating power, leading to royalty rates that exceed a benchmark level based on the value of the patented technology and the strength of the patent. Our analysis showed that such problems are especially likely to arise for patents covering a min...

Patent corpus processing should be centered around patent claim processing because claims are the most important part in patent specifications. It is common that claims written in Japanese are described in one sentence with peculiar style and wording and are difficult to understand for ordinary people. The peculiarity is caused by structural complexity of the sentences and many difficult terms ...

The author examines patents on DNA sequences, including data on gene sequence grants issued by the PTO during a 33-month period from 1998 to 2001. Policy supporting patents on DNA sequences and other elemental information that are far "upstream" in the product development pathway is contrasted with the economic bases and rationale for patents to pharmaceuticals, which require a protracted and e...

EPTD Discussion Papers contain preliminary material and research results, and are circulated prior to a full peer review in order to stimulate discussion and critical comment. It is expected that most Discussion Papers will eventually be published in some other form, and that their content may also be revised. ABSTRACT When a new technology consists of sequences of innovations that culminate in...

For a system the scale of Blue Waters it is of primary importance to minimize high-speed network (HSN) congestion. We hypothesize that the ability to analyze the HSN in a system-wide manner will aid in the detection of network traffic patterns thereby providing a clearer picture of HSN congestion. The benefit of this is obvious we want to eliminate, or at lest minimize HSN congestion and have a...

Organic semiconductors have been the objects of considerable attention in recent years, both as electrodes and photoelectrods in different applications. Radiation-induced and electrochemical modification of polypyrrole film by incorporating of large electro-active organic molecules is investigated in this paper. Introduction in the polypyrrole (PPy) of methylene blue as counterion has a strong ...

In this study, iron impregnated activated carbon (FeAC) was synthesized following an oxidation and iron impregnation of activated carbon (AC). Both the AC and FeAC were characterized by pHZPC and FTIR spectroscopy. The removal of Methylene Blue (MB) by AC and FeAC was examined under various experimental conditions. The FeAC showed up to 95% (higher than AC) MB removal in the pH range of 7-10. A...

Evidence is presented that atypical reactions of Escherichia coli on eosin methylene blue agar are due to variations in pH in localized areas of the medium.

We present the results of soft X-ray observations of the intermediate-age open cluster IC 4651 performed with the ROSAT PSPC. We detected 25 sources. Two are identified with a giant binary and a blue straggler respectively, both belonging to the cluster, and two with probable main-sequence members. Two other cases have ambiguous identification. Of the five binaries known in the cluster, the one...

The linearization of the callbratlon curve of the automated methylthymol blue (MTB) procedure for the determination of sulfates is described. Thls is accomplished by altering the barium-to-MTB molar ratio of the barium-MTB reagent used. Because of the low purlty of the commerclal dye, bariumto-MTB molar ratios of 0.9:l or lower are usually needed for obtaining linear callbratlon curves. A llnea...