In recent years the Expected Utility model of choice under risk has been generalized to cope with phenomena such as probability weighting. In the present paper, one such generalized approach, the Rank-Dependent Expected Utility model, is applied to the problem of lottery gambling. The model is used to derive an optimal prize structure for lotteries, involving a few large prizes and a large numb...

One of the more disturbing yet important findings in the social sciences is the observation that alternative tasks result in different expressed preferences among choice alternatives. We examine this problem not from the perspective of an individual making personal decisions, but from the perspective of an agent trying to follow the known values of a principal. In two studies, we train people t...

Most research into autism spectrum disorder (ASD) focuses on difficulties and challenges, potentially overlooking intact even enhanced abilities.Empirical evidence strongly suggests that individuals with ASD display rationality: judgments are more objective decision-making is less biased than of neurotypical individuals.Enhanced rationality may confer distinct strengths to provide insights the ...

The present paper explores situations in which the information available to decision makers is limited to feedback concerning the outcomes of their previous decisions. The results reveal that experience in these situations can lead to deviations from maximization in the opposite direction of the deviations observed when the decisions are made based on a description of the choice problem. Experi...

Prospect theory (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979, 1984) suggests that when people are presented with objective probabilities they (a) underweight high probabilities (e.g., behave as if 99% likelihood of an event is lower than 99%), (b) overweight low probabilities, and (c) are relatively insensitive to differences among moderate probabilities. We hypothesized that these biases will be found under prev...

The behavior pattern and the situation. — The paper refers to four standpoints which may he employed in the investigation of behavior problems: (1) the attitudes, (2) the values, (3) the forms of adaptation, (4) the total situation, and indicates the interaction of these factors in any concrete process. The situational procedure is emphasized and illustrated from the fields of child study, psyc...

We report a series of five experiments in which people categorized pairs of perceptual stimuli varying in degree of category membership and in similarity to one another. Experiments 1-4 investigated color categorization. Experiment 1 required conjunctive or disjunctive category judgments, and Experiment 2 required simultaneous but separate categorization of each stimulus. In both experiments, c...

Prior research has demonstrated that attachment styles are important antecedents of interpersonal relationship quality and psychological well-being. Despite this, the theory of attachment styles has been largely ignored by researchers interested in workplace phenomena. The present paper aims to explain the theory of attachment styles, why researchers have overlooked attachment styles as an ante...

Although observers of human behavior have long been aware that people regularly struggle with internal conflict when deciding whether to behave responsibly or indulge in impulsivity, psychologists and economists did not begin to empirically investigate this type of want/ should conflict until recently. In this article, we review and synthesize the latest research on want/should conflict, focusi...

The recent rise of interest in situated and embodied cognition has a strong interdisciplinary flavor, with contributions from robotics, cognitive anthropology, cognitive psychology, and developmental psychology, among other disciplines. However, social psychology has been almost completely unrepresented. Social psychologists investigate the ways people perceive, interact with, and influence eac...