It has been shown that olfactory epithelium can be safely biopsied from the living, intact human being. Observations of the ultrastructure of this epithelium shows changes that can then be correlated with the etiology and degree of olfactory loss, allowing a greater understanding of both normal transduction and of the pathology of dysfunction. Examples of the common forms of olfactory dysfuncti...

The sense of smell is one of the essential tools for all living things to survive. For example, it enables them to escape from danger in advance or find food to sustain life [1,2]. For human beings, it also has been crucial function for better quality of life. There has been a recent increase in diseases associated with olfactory dysfunction as shown in Fig. 1 [3]. Moreover, because many patien...

The most important aims of this thesis were: (1) to investigate the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in an adult Swedish population and to relate dysfunction to factors of possible impact on olfaction, (2) to present our experience with patients seeking medical attention for olfactory disorders, (3) to describe the relationship between detection and identification tests for olfactory disorde...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Olfactory dysfunction is commonly associated with IPD. We here report the association of OB volume and OS depth with olfactory function in patients with PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Morphometric analyses by using MR imaging and the Japanese T&T olfactometer threshold test were used to evaluate olfactory structure and function in 29 patients with PD and 29 age- and sex-matc...