1) The author established the representation of the lower motor center of all the extrinsic ocular muscles by means of HRP labeling in the rat. 2) The muscles which are supplied by the neurons on both sides of the oculomotor nuclei are the levator palpebrae superioris, superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, inferior rectus, superior oblique and lateral rectus. 3) The muscles which ar...

ABOUT 150 cases of progressive muscular dystrophy involving the extra-ocular muscles have so far been recorded in the literature. As far as can be ascertained, this condition has never been described in a Negro. The myopathies are characterized by a primary dystrophy of voluntary muscle. Kiloh and Nevin (1951) reviewed the problem of progressive dystrophy of the external ocular muscles and conc...

In the investigation of oculomotor systems and especially in the mathematical descriptions of them as pursuit, tracking and stabilizing systems, the need arises for a more exact knowledge of the mechanics of the eyeball, the extraocular muscles and the supporting tissues of the orbit, particularly of the way in which these factors permit the globe to respond to the efferent discharges arising i...

In juvenile flatfish the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) circuitry that underlies compensatory eye movements adapts to a 90 degrees relative displacement of vestibular and oculomotor reference frames during metamorphosis. VOR pathways are rearranged to allow horizontal canal-activated second-order vestibular neurons in adult flatfish to control extraocular motoneurons innervating vertical eye musc...

The oculomotor nucleus (nIII) contains the motoneurons of medial, inferior, and superior recti (MR, IR, and SR), inferior oblique (IO), and levator palpebrae (LP) muscles. The delineation of motoneuron subgroups for each muscle is well-known in monkey, but not in human. We studied the transmitter inputs to human nIII and the trochlear nucleus (nIV), which innervates the superior oblique muscle ...

Although there is detailed knowledge on the organization of the motor neurons supplying the extraocular muscles, there are still some discrepancies concerning the results of different studies. This study is planned to reexamine the distribution of the motor neurons in the oculomotor nucleus of the rat. In the present study we used 20 young adult Sprague-Dawley rats in four groups which represen...

IT has long been considered a general rule for nerve regeneration that the reinnervation of skeletal muscle is nonselective. Regenerating nerve fibers are supposed to reconnect with one skeletal muscle as readily as another according to studies covering a wide range of vertebrates (Weiss, 1937; Weiss & Taylor, 1944; Weiss & Hoag, 1946; Bernstein & Guth, 1961; Guth, 1961, 1962, 1963). Similarly,...

We report neck muscle activity and head movements evoked by electrical stimulation of the superior colliculus (SC) in head-unrestrained monkeys. Recording neck electromyography (EMG) circumvents complications arising from the head's inertia and the kinetics of muscle force generation and allows precise assessment of the neuromuscular drive to the head plant. This study served two main purposes....