CYTOLOGY Low-grade atypia Usual ductal hyperplasia Cell population Monomorphic Polymorphic Nuclear shape Round or oval Oval, elongated to tapered Nuclear contours Smooth Grooves and notches Chromatin Homogeneous, fine, hyperchromatic Granular, slightly open, euchromatic Nucleoli Often inconspicuous Small nucleoli present Nuclear pseudoinclusions Absent Often present Cytoplasm amount Increased M...

We have previously reported that high grade and non-high grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast can be subdivided into 3 cell origin subtypes (luminal, basal/stem, and null), and that high grade DCIS is more frequently associated with basal/stem cell subtypes compared to non-high grade DCIS. Here we refine the relationships between these 3 subtypes and the expression patterns of es...

Distinguishing non Hodgkin's lymphoma from benign lymphoid aggregates in bone marrow is well recognised to be difficult. Our objective was to evaluate nuclear morphology, and to perform morphometry on benign and neoplastic lymphoid infiltrates, to establish if objective criteria were of value in the diagnosis of neoplasia. By comparing neoplastic infiltrates in bone marrow with infiltrates in l...

OBJECTIVES For patients with invasive breast cancer, management decisions are informed by tumor grade according to the Nottingham Grading System (NGS), either on its own or as part of the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI). A system retaining the nuclear grade element but substituting the two subjective components, mitosis count and tubule formation, of the NGS with a proliferation index based o...

Objective: The differentiation of atypical complex type endometrial hyperplasia (ACEH) and low grade endometrial carcinoma (EC) may be problematic in endometrial biopsy materials. Desmoplasia and stromal invasion are diagnostic for EC but they are not always demonstrated in endometrial biopsies. In this study, we investigated the contribution of nuclear morphometry to distinction of ACEH and lo...

background : triple-negative breast cancers (tnbc) are defined as breast cancers with lack of estrogen and progesterone receptors and no overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (her2). this study was performed to determine the frequency and pathologic features of tnbc in iranian patients. subjects and methods: this cross-sectional study was performed on patients with breast c...

Epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma is a rare biphasic low grade neoplasm of salivary glands; it most commonly occurs in the parotid gland but can also arise in minor salivary glands. Here a case of 58-year-old female presented with left cheek swelling of one-year duration. CT scan revealed a localized submandibular salivary gland tumor mass not involving surrounding tissues. Histological examin...

Objective(s): To validate the reliability of nuclear medicine physicians in diagnosing lymphoma using positron emission tomography/computed tomography using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG-PET/CT) and to determine findings that reliably suggest lymphoma.Methods: Seventy patients suspected of having lymphoma using FDG-PET/CT were enrolled in this retrospective study. Two nuclear medicine ph...

Methods for objectively documenting and grading different varieties of lens opacities are needed in order to conduct research on risk factors for cataracts. This study tested the feasibility and reliability of using two different photographic methods to grade nuclear opacities. Photographs were taken of 41 eyes using a regular Topcon SL-5D photo slit lamp, and using a Topcon SL-45 (Scheimpflug)...