The dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is an immunogenic protein that holds potential for the development of vaccines and diagnostic reagents; however, the epitopes of NS1 have not been comprehensively mapped. We mapped B-cell linear epitopes on NS1 using 149 monoclonal antibodies with DENV serotype specificity and cross-reactivity as well as antisera from 27 mice immunized with ...

Background:Influenza virus is globally pathogenic and it is usually associated with zoonotic respiratory diseases. This virus has caused a number of pandemics with a high mortality rate. The non-structural (NS1) protein of influenza A viruses is a non-essential virulence factor that has multiple accessory functions during viral infection. This protein is highly conservative. It has been shown t...

Background Epidemic arbovirus transmission occurs among humans by mosquito bites and the sylvatic cycles involving non-human primates (NHPs) still exists. However, limited data are available on extent in NHPs infections their role. In this study, we have developed validated a high-throughput serological screening tool to study circulation of multiple arboviruses that represent significant threa...

During the last decades, research focused on vaccinia virus (VACV) pathogenesis has been intensified prompted by its potential beneficial application as a vector for vaccine development and anti-cancer therapies, but also due to the fear of its potential use as a bio-terrorism threat. Recombinant viruses lacking a type I interferon (IFN) antagonist are attenuated and hence good vaccine candidat...

Mammalian nucleostemin (NS) is a nucleolar guanosine triphosphate-binding protein implicated in cell cycle progression, stem cell proliferation, and ribosome assembly. Drosophila melanogaster contains a four-member nucleostemin family (NS1-4). NS1 is the closest orthologue to human NS; it shares 33% identity and 67% similarity with human NS. We show that NS1 has intrinsic GTPase and ATPase acti...

The multifunctional protein NS1 of minute virus of mice (MVMp) is posttranslationally modified and at least in part regulated by phosphorylation. The atypical lambda isoform of protein kinase C (PKClambda) phosphorylates residues T435 and S473 in vitro and in vivo, leading directly to an activation of NS1 helicase function, but it is insufficient to activate NS1 for rolling circle replication. ...

The protective immunity conferred by a set of recombinant vaccinia viruses containing the entire coding sequence of dengue virus type 4 nonstructural glycoprotein NS1 plus various flanking sequences was evaluated by using a mouse encephalitis model. Mice immunized with recombinant vNS1-NS2a, which expresses authentic NS1, were solidly protected against intracerebral dengue virus challenge. Howe...

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) non-structural protein 1 (NS1) contributes to virus replication and elicits protective immune responses during infection. JEV NS1-specific antibody responses could be a target in the differential diagnosis of different flavivirus infections. However, the epitopes on JEV NS1 are poorly characterized. The present study describes the full mapping of linear B-cell ...

Infection of erythroid-lineage cells by human parvovirus B19 is characterized by a gradual cytocidal effect. Accumulating evidence now implicates the nonstructural (NS1) protein of the virus in cytotoxicity, but the mechanism underlying the NS1-induced cell death is not known. Using a stringent regulatory system, we demonstrate that NS1 cytotoxicity is closely related to apoptosis, as evidenced...

Most influenza A viruses cause a mild to moderate disease of the upper respiratory tract with low mortality levels, but certain strains are associated with a severe disease involving the lung and high mortality. Among the proteins known to contribute to virulence, the nonstructural protein NS1 has been identified as the main viral immune interference in vitro, and viruses lacking NS1 are highly...