We analyze the impact of macroeconomic announcements at the firm level under the hypothesis that firms which are more exposed to a particular source of systematic risk will react more to the release of macroeconomic news pertaining that risk factor. First, we document the fact that the higher a firm’s labor intensity, the more its beta changes when nonfarm payroll is announced. A portfolio cons...

Childhood farm contact is associated with a lower prevalence of sensitisation and allergic rhinitis. Findings have been contradictory for asthma. The aim of the present study was to investigate the differences between farm and nonfarm subjects using objective measurements. A cross-sectional questionnaire study was performed among rural adults aged 18-44 yrs, of which 37% lived on a farm during ...

Since 1990s the bloom of industrialization and urbanization brings the changes of social and economic issue of Vietnam rural areas. During this process, rural households have reduced agricultural land for cultivating. From the status of food producers now they become food consumers. Through surveying 215 households in Bac Ninh province, the study shows that that industrialization and land conve...

For generations it has been assumed that if the farmer could be protected against the natural and economic forces that threaten the prosperity of his farm business, he would be in a position to provide his own security against the more personal economic risks. Some farm and nonfarm groups question the validity of this belief under modern farming conditions. Data pertinent to an examination of t...

Twenty-five farm (F) households and 25 nonfarm (NF) households in Iowa were enrolled in a study investigating agricultural pesticide contamination inside homes. Air, surface wipe, and dust samples were collected. Samples from 39 homes (20 F and 19 NF) were analyzed for atrazine, metolachlor, acetochlor, alachlor, and chlorpyrifos. Samples from 11 homes (5 F and 6 NF) were analyzed for glyphosat...

Household consumption carbon footprint and inequality reductions are vital for a sustainable society, especially rural areas. This study, focusing on China, one of the fastest growing economies with massive population, explored household using latest micro survey data 2018 linked to environmental extended input–-output analysis. The results show that in average is 2.46 tons CO2-eq per capita, w...

This study examines factors that appear to contribute farmers’ adoption and discontinuation of poly house technology for off-season vegetable production. We collected cross-sectional survey data from a sample 151 households in Kaski district, Nepal during October 2018. The are analyzed using Heckman’s two stage selection model. reveals the family members report being engaged nonfarm sector ther...