Recursive relational specifications are commonly used to describe the computational structure of formal systems. Recent research in proof theory has identified two features that facilitate direct, logic-based reasoning about such descriptions: the interpretation of atomic judgments through recursive definitions and an encoding of binding constructs via generic judgments. However, logics encompa...

Nominal rewriting is based on the observation that if we add support for alphaequivalence to first-order syntax using the nominal-set approach, then systems with binding, including higher-order features such as lambda-calculus beta-reduction, can be smoothly represented. Nominal rewriting maintains a strict distinction between variables of the objectlanguage (atoms) and of the meta-language (va...

One of the parameters driving the performance of the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) is the Grid Ionospheric Vertical Error (GIVE). The GIVE bounds the estimation error of the ionospheric delay at each Ionospheric Grid Point (IGP). The GIVE is generated such that a user interpolating both the vertical ionospheric delays at the IGP and the GIVE, is protected. The GIVE is a function of sever...

We develop the notion of a measurement-based methodology for embedded software systems to ensure properties of reliability, survivability and security, not only under benign faults but under malicious and hazardous conditions as well. The driving force is the need to develop a dynamic run-time monitoring system for use in these embedded mission critical systems. These systems must run reliably,...

The biological active points (BAP) are known as low resistance spots or good electro-permeable points, have relativelower electric resistance than the surrounding tissues. In this study, a new method for BAP detection using the bio-impedance measurement system based on the adaptive frequency trackingfilter (AFTF) and the transition event detector is presented

We describe generalized linear latent and mixed models (GLLAMMs) and illustrate their potential in epidemiology. GLLAMMs include many types of multilevel random effect, factor and structural equation models. A wide range of response types are accommodated including continuous, dichotomous, ordinal and nominal responses as well as counts and survival times. Multivariate responses can furthermore...

This paper presents a new computerized technique to aid the designers of pattern classifiers when the measurement variables are discrete and the values form a simple nominal scale (no inherent metric). A theory of "prime events" which applies to patterns with measurements of this type is presented. A procedure for applying the theory of "prime events" and an analysis of the "prime event estimat...

A test technique for capacitive MEMS accelerometers and electrostatic microactuators, based on the measurement of pull-in voltages and resonance frequency, is described. Using this combination of measurements, one can estimate process-induced variations in the device layout dimensions as well as deviations from nominal value in material properties, which can be used either for testing or device...

The measured values of the axial meridional powers for 311 spectacle lenses are reported. The spherical refractive powers range from + 7 . 0 0 to —20.00 diopters with cylindrical powers of 0.00, 1.00, and 2.00 diopters. The departures of the measured from the nominal values are shown. The probable errors of measurement are discussed. A set of tolerance values is suggested and the degree of comp...

For a stable visual world, the colours of objects should appear the same under different lights. This property of colour constancy has been assumed to be fundamental to vision, and many experimental attempts have been made to quantify it. I contend here, however, that the usual methods of measurement are either too coarse or concentrate not on colour constancy itself, but on other, complementar...