Net sodium balances in humans are maintained through various ion transporters expressed along the entire nephron. Among these ion transporters, epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) located along the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron (ASDN) play a pivotal role in the homeostasis of sodium balance. This is supported by analyses of inherited hypertensive disorders, showing that genes encoding ENaC...

The prevalence of thyroid diseases including autoimmune hyperthyroidism (Graves’ disease), thyroiditis, and different forms cancer is increasing every year, while the effectiveness their treatment remains low limited, mainly, to replacement therapy with hormones surgical radioisotope methods. This review presents current state problem pharmacological correction in new approaches regulation func...

Three alternatively spliced variants have been described in the literature: including isoform 1, isoform 2, and isoform 3. Isoform 1 is preferentially expressed in the brain and it encodes a protein of 250 amino acids. Isoform 2 and isoform 3 are mainly expressed in the prostate. Compared to isoform 1, isoform 2 has additional 32 amino acids at the N-terminus and isoform 3 contains extra 25 ami...

Regulatory factor X4 (RFX4) isoform 1 is a recently discovered isoform of the winged helix transcription factor RFX4, which can bind to X-box consensus sequences that are enriched in the promoters of cilia-related genes. Early insertional mutagenesis studies in mice first identified this isoform, and demonstrated that it was crucial for mouse brain development. RFX4 isoform 1 is the only RFX4 i...

Background: Rotavirus infection is one of the most common gastroenteritis in the world, and a million cases are registered to enter hospital every year. Promyelocytic leukemia proteins (PMLs) are IFN-up-regulated proteins, and one of their critical functions is working as antiviral proteins. Recently, promyelocytic leukemia isoform II (PML-II) has been depicted as an isoform responsible for the...

In Arabidopsis, oxidation of the large (46-kDa) isoform activase to form a disulfide bond in the C-terminal extension (C-extension) significantly increases its ADP sensitivity for both ATP hydrolysis and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activation, thereby decreasing both activities at physiological ratios of ADP/ATP. In this study, we demonstrate that the C-extension o...

BACKGROUND We have previously reported linkage of markers on chromosome 1q22 to schizophrenia, a finding supported by several independent studies. Within this linkage region, we have identified significant linkage disequilibrium between schizophrenia and markers within the gene for carboxyl-terminal PDZ ligand of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (CAPON). Prior sequencing of the ten exons of CAPON...

Oleosins form a steric barrier surface on lipid droplets in cytoplasm, preventing them from contacting and coalescing with adjacent droplets. Oleosin genes have been detected in numerous plant species. However, the presence of oleosin genes in the most basally diverging lineage of land plants, liverworts, has not been reported previously. Thus we explored whether liverworts have an oleosin gene...