Thinly myelinated Aδ-fiber and unmyelinated C-fiber cardiac sympathetic (spinal) sensory nerve fibers are activated during myocardial ischemia to transmit the sensation of angina pectoris. Although recent observations showed that myocardial ischemia increases the concentrations of opioid peptides and that the stimulation of peripheral opioid receptors inhibits chemically induced visceral and so...

Macrodystrophia lipomatosa is a rare congenital form of localized gigantism characterized by an increase in all mesenchymal elements, particularly fibroadipose tissue. MR imaging can be used to examine the soft tissue and detect the fibrous and fatty hypertrophy that characterizes this condition and also diagnose an associated fibrolipomatous hamartoma of the median or plantar nerve. We des...

Introduction: Salivary gland tumors are relatively rare and constitute 3-4% of all head and neck neoplasms. The majority (70%) of salivary gland tumors arise in the parotid gland. Recommended treatment for a parotid mass is surgical excision with a surrounding cuff of normal tissue to prevent recurrence. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 300 patients who were operated b...

Neuropathic pain is defined as "pain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system” [1]. Peripheral nerve damage causes the release of pro-inflammatory mediators (including interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, bradykinin, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, nerve growth factor, and prostaglandins) contributing to the ‘inflammatory soup’[...

Abstract The case presented here is a delayed reconstruction of facial nerve defect after radical parotidectomy without useful stump at the stylomastoid foramen. A composite free flap was used to reconnect nerve’s intrapetrous portion peripheral branches and reconstruct soft-tissue deficit.

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder affecting almost 1% of the world population. Experimental human and animal studies suggest that inflammation mediators, like cytokines, participate in the physiopathology of epilepsy. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1ß) could influence susceptibility for seizures, as well as neuronal death caused by seizures, although some findings are contradictory. This document revi...

Recent discoveries suggest that adipose tissue can synthesise and secrete mediators that contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, leading to the concept of ‘adipose tissue as an endocrine organ’. These mediators include tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, adiponectin, resistin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and angiotensin II. They mod...