We investigated effects of nutrient availability on shoot structure and light-interception efficiency based on data from control (C) and irrigated + fertilized (IL) trees of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). The sampling of 1-year-old shoots was designed to cover the variation in canopy exposure within the live crown zone, where current-year shoots were still found. Canopy openness was u...

common yew (taxus baccata) is one of the native and extinguishing speices at northern forests of iran that is very important as a genetic reserve and, therefore, more studies are necessary for preservation and restoration of this rare forest speices. for having high value and complete preservation of gene structure, vegetative propagation is one of the suitable in use methods in this field. thi...

27 r Ostendorp, W. and Möller, J., 1991. EM-algorithm as a tool for structure analysis of stands of the common reed (Phragmites australis). Ecol. Modelling, 53: 27-38. The frequency distributions of morphometric and mechanical properties of randomly sampled stalks of seven reed stands at Lake Constance-Untersee are analysed by the Estimation-Maximisation Algorithm. The aim was to look for compo...

Cyperus scariosus R.Br is a valuable multipurpose medicinal herb, which belongs to family Cyperaceae. It possesses astringent, anti-inflammatory, diaphoretic, diuretic, cordial and stomach ache properties. An attempt has been made to study in vitro regeneration, floral bud induction, multiple shooting and multiple rooting has been achieved via healthy, moderate axillary buds as explants. The ax...

A reliable method is described for rapid proliferation of axillary shoots from nodal segment of mature field-grown aromatic and medicinal plant Vitex negundo through in vitro culture. Of different concentrations of N6-benzyladenine (BA) evaluated as supplements to Murahige and Skoog (MS) medium, BA at 1mg/l was effective in enhancing bud break and shoot regeneration. Response of explants was al...

Rice (Oryza sativa) is very sensitive to chilling stress at seedling and reproductive stages, whereas wild rice, O. longistaminata, tolerates non-freezing cold temperatures and has overwintering ability. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of chilling tolerance (CT) in O. longistaminata should thus provide a basis for rice CT improvement through molecular breeding. In this study, high-throughp...

The effect of two training systems (Central Leader with branch pruning versus Centrifugal Training with minimal pruning, i.e., removal of fruiting laterals only) on canopy structure and light interception was analyzed in three architecturally contrasting apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars: 'Scarletspur Delicious' (Type II); 'Golden Delicious' (Type III); and 'Granny Smith' (Type IV). Tree...

Residues of khat (Catha edulis Forskal) leaves in the soil showed an inhibitory effect on the dry mass, pectin and cellulose of wheat shoots and roots and cell wall-associated proteins of roots. The dry mass of shoots and roots significantly reduced and the reduction in roots was greater than in shoots. On the other hand, the contents of hemicellulose and lignin in both shoots and roots and cel...

Whole fruit clusters of ‘Pawnee’ pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wang.) C. Koch.] were collected from three shoot types: terminal and lateral shoots without a secondary growth fl ush and shoots that had an early-season secondary growth fl ush. Fruit per cluster were counted and nuts were individually harvested, weighed, shelled and graded. Bloom the following year was determined for the same shoots...

Stem length and leaf area of current-year shoots were measured in saplings of eight broad-leaved evergreen tree species growing under a forest canopy. Stem length varied over a range of one to two orders of magnitude within each species. In all species, both the number of leaves and the mean stem length between successive leaves were greater in longer shoots. Mean leaf size and stem length were...