The literature on foreign assistance generally holds that multilateral aid is preferable to bilateral aid, but establishes this primarily through highly aggregated cross‐national time‐ series data. We investigate this topic experimentally from the perspective of those whom the foreign aid directly affects: recipient citizens. We thus report results of a survey exper‐ iment with behavioral outco...

Purpose – This article aims to outline the theoretical perspectives of international training and development and examine how theoretical frameworks have been implemented by practitioners. Design/methodology/approach – Literature review. Findings – There appears to be a considerable gap between academic theories and multinational enterprises’ (MNEs’) practices. MNEs pay little attention to inte...

This paper examines the patterns of subsidiary autonomy at the organizational periphery: at multinational companies’ (MNCs) manufacturing subsidiaries in Hungary. It investigates the impact of upgrading on subsidiary autonomy. Our case study-based investigation (27 in-depth interviews at 14 manufacturing subsidiaries) integrates three previously isolated lines of research: 1) subsidiary upgradi...

This article estimates income and price elasticities in foreign trade their practical applicationin Thirlwall's multilateral economic growth model for six of Colombia's main trading partners from 1986 to 2016. By using error correction models, we provide elasticity estimates. The results show that Colombia has a long-term exports is higher than imports, as well the imports exports. We conclude ...

BACKGROUND This article proposes an approach to comparing and assessing the adaptive capacity of multilateral health agencies in meeting country and individual healthcare needs. Most studies comparing multilateral health agencies have failed to clearly propose a method for conducting agency comparisons. METHODS This study conducted a qualitative case study methodological approach, such that s...

Events of the past two decades have generated increasing concern about the direction of the world trading system. While the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) helped orchestrate the substantial reduction in tariffs after World War II, the multilateral approach to trade liberalisation has encountered difficulty in stemming the proliferation of non-tariff trade barriers and in extendin...

Are violators of international human rights norms punished with lower levels of foreign aid? Despite their abstract preferences, governments often lack the incentive to punish norm violators bilaterally. Multilateral lending institutions, such as the World Bank, could fill the void if they wanted to consider human rights abuses and could bypass restrictions on evaluating the political character...

The purpose of this article is to examine phase-differences in the patterns of actors involved in decision making. Two phases are distinguished, the negotiating phase, and the decision-making phase. During the first phase the agent’s primary goal is to influence the policy position of other agents, whereas during the second phase the agent’s goal is to find a solution (especially if there is a ...

This paper presents a new non-cooperative approach to multilateral bargaining. We consider a demand game with the following additional ingredients: (i) there is an exogenous deadline, by which bargaining has to end; (ii) prior to the deadline, players may sequentially change their demands as often as they like; (iii) changing one’s demand is costly, and this cost increases as the deadline gets ...

In this article the use of steganography and watermarking for the realization of multilateral security in IT systems is outlined. The evolution of both technologies is still in its infancy. Their further development will allow their use to protect the goals of several participants in a communication relationship. The procedures which are used to meet different requirements are described. The em...