This paper describes the staged evolution of a complex motor pattern generator (MPG) for the control of a walking robot. The MPG is composed of a network of neurons with weights determined by Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization. Staged evolution is used to improve the convergence rate of the algorithm. First, an oscilla-tor for the individual leg movements is evolved. Then, a network of these o...

The possible coexistence of nitric oxide (NO) and acetylcholine in the rat major pelvic ganglion (MPG) was examined by double immunohistochemistry using antisera raised against NO synthase (NOS) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). The smooth muscle responses of the isolated bladder and urethra were recorded after bilateral cryoganglionectomy of the MPG, focusing on the possible development of...

Erectile dysfunction is a common complication for patients undergoing surgeries for prostate, bladder, and colorectal cancers, due to damage of the nerves associated with the major pelvic ganglia (MPG). Functional re-innervation of target organs depends on the capacity of the neurons to survive and switch towards a regenerative phenotype. PDE5 inhibitors (PDE5i) have been successfully used in p...

This study was aimed at investigating the effects of sperm centrifugation on nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation as well as sperm motility and viability. Human spermatozoa were centrifuged for 10 and 30 minutes (400 x g) in the presence or absence of the NOS inhibitor, N G -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME); ROS scavenger, N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)Glycine (MPG) or ...

Background. Mortality from acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation in cardiac hospitals ranges 4.5 to 7 %, and these data has not decreased recent years. The most common cause of death patients is cardiogenic shock, the likelihood which directly depends on infarct size. It quite clear that there an urgent need create drugs limit size prevent occurrence shock. aim. To evaluate role...

Micropile groups (MPGs), combined with the advantages of anti-slip pile and anchor cable, offer an efficient support system that can be used as countermeasures for stabilizing talus slopes. However, performance MPGs in slopes is rarely numerically investigated from continuous-discontinuous viewpoints. To fulfil this knowledge gap, a numerical method coupled discrete element (DEM) finite (FEM) p...

Patient-prosthetic aortic valve mismatch (PPM) is a clinical diagnosis in which an aortic prosthetic valve is normal structurally, but hemodynamically functions as aortic stenosis, with higher prosthetic valve gradients than would be expected for that particular valve.1,2 The prosthetic valve functions as designed but hemodynamics are less than ideal compared with a native valve. The predominan...

Abstract Current DNA base editors contain nuclease and deaminase that enables deamination of cytosine (C) or adenine (A), but no method for guanine (G) thymine (T) editing is available now. Here we developed a deaminase-free glycosylase-based editor (gGBE) with G ability, by fusing Cas9 nickase engineered N-methylpurine glycosylase protein (MPG). By several rounds MPG mutagenesis via unbiased r...