A solder fatigue model for the 63Sn/Pb solder alloy has been previously introduced which characterizes the creep fatigue phenomena of the solder by combining nonlinear finite element modelling with experimental thermal fatigue lives of various flip chip assemblies. The model correlates the amount of creep strain energy dissipated per thermal cycle with the characteristic Weibull life of the cri...

In the last decades an important number of research papers published on nano chip electrode and cathode electrochromic materials. Tantalum (Ta) with so high melting point can be as a good candidate for the future of nano chip devices. However, its surface has not enough trap centers and/or occupation states, so nitrogen ions exposed on Ta surafce, may solve this problem. For this purpose, in th...

The 20-40mm particle size of crushed aggregate and rubber aggregate showed 100% passing but river sand showed zero%. The 10 mm particle size of river sand showed 100% passing. Hydraulic conductivity ranges from 0.5 cm/sec (0.2 inches/sec) for compressed 10–38 mm (0.4–1.5 inches) shreds to more than 20 cm/sec (8 inches/sec) for 25–64 mm (1– 2.5 inches) loose shred. Thermal conductivity varies fr...

An effective on chip scheme for correcting double soft errors in the memory chip is presented. Any random double errors correction in the memory cell can be incorporated with minimum hardware. The area, delay and power for additional error-correcting hardware into a memory design have been presented. The on-chip error correction technique for the specific memory architecture results in consider...

Parts produced by microforming are becoming ever smaller. Similarly, the foils required in micro-machines are becoming ever thinner. The asymmetric rolling technique is capable of producing foils that are thinner than those produced by the conventional rolling technique. The difference between asymmetric rolling and conventional rolling is the 'cross-shear' zone. However, the influence of the c...

 ABSTRACTBackground: Although Electronic Portal imaging Devices (EPIDs) have originally developed for positioning verification, they can also be used for dosimetric purposes. In the current work, the dose response of minimum detectable thickness of a Scanning Liquid filled Ion Chamber EPID, SLIC-EPID, and the variation of transmitted dose with the shift of inhomogeneity inside of phantom was al...

Cutting tool geometry should be very much considered in micro-cutting because it has a significant effect on the topography and accuracy of the machined surface, particularly considering the uncut chip thickness is comparable to the cutting edge radius. The objective of this paper was to clarify the influence of the mechanism of the cutting tool geometry on the surface topography in the micro-m...

The use of a minimum quantity of lubrication (MQL) with extremely low consumption of lubricant in machining processes has been reported as a technologically and environmentally feasible alternative to conventional flood cooling. In hot machining, the external heat source is applied during machining that will assist to increase machining performance. Many external heating techniques are availabl...