Immigration may adversely affect political stability if conflict becomes endemic among heterogeneous groups of people living in close proximity due to the process of migration. If so, the governments could respond by preventive militarisation. The results from two-stage-least squares estimation indicate that higher immigrant share significantly reduces political stability. In addition, higher i...

This paper develops a quantitative model of trade, military conflicts, and defense spending. Trade liberalization between two countries reduces probability of an armed conflict between them, causing both to cut defense spending. This in turn causes a domino effect on defense spending by other countries. As a result, both countries and the rest of the world are better off. We estimate the model ...

The 1990s was a period of remarkable progress in peaceful transition in the world, from South Africa to the former Soviet Union to, somewhat more tentatively, Northern Ireland and the Middle East. Spending on the military plummeted almost 40% worldwide. Although tensions and a worrisome rise in militarism are still percolating in the world, our knowledge and practice of conflict resolution has ...

Americans serving with the US Armed Forces need protection from the dangerous infections that they can contract during training, based on occupation, during overseas deployment, or because of underlying health status. For over 230 years, the military health-care system has immunized troops to protect them personally and to help them accomplish their missions. Military researchers have invented,...

The mental health of the UK Armed Forces is a topic much debated by healthcare professionals, politicians and the media. While the current operations in Afghanistan, and the recent conflict in Iraq, are relevant to this debate, much of what is known about the effects of war upon the psyche still derives from the two World Wars. This paper will examine the historical and contemporary evidence ab...

This paper develops a quantitative model of trade, military conflicts, and defense spending. Trade liberalization between two countries reduces probability of an armed conflict between them, causing both to cut defense spending. This in turn causes a domino effect on defense spending by other countries. As a result, both countries and the rest of the world are better off. We estimate the model ...

Information operations have gained importance in recent years. the capabilities to influence the enemy’s information or the attitudes of the civilian population in theaters of conflict, and to secure one’s own information and information systems, have become important success factors in military operations. the concept has given rise to vehement controversies, however. disagreement remains over...