The brain is the control center for all our thoughts and actions. Have you ever wondered exactly how your works as run, jump, play? To look inside working brain, scientists use a combination of high-tech microscopes, lasers, genetic engineering, which allows them to directly see cells within brain—called neurons. Scientists can make neurons glow when those become active, tells are passing infor...

Background: Probiotics are microorganisms that may influence brain function via altering brain neurochemistry. New research evidence suggests that probiotic bacteria might protect tissue damage through diminishing the production of free radicals and/or inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of probiotic bacteria on the prevention or reduction of brain...

introduction: there are some evidences that the matricaria recutita extract has sedative effects and relieves symptoms of morphine withdrawal syndrome. symptoms of this syndrome are due to increased expression of fos transcription factor in brain. in this study the effect of chronic hydro alcoholic extract (30 mg/kg) of matricaria recutita on jumping behavior and expression of fos transcription...

Oleuropein (OLE), a main constituent of olives, displays pleiotropic beneficial dynamic in health and disease; the effects are based mainly on its antioxidant hypolipidemic properties, capacity to protect myocardium during ischemia. Furthermore, OLE activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα) neurons astrocytes, providing neuroprotection against noxious biological reactions tha...

Background: Reelin has fundamental functions in the developing and mature brain. Its absence gives rise to Reeler phenotype mice, first described cerebellar mutation. In homozygous mutants missing gene (reln-/-), neurons are incapable of correctly positioning themselves layered brain areas such as cerebral cortices. We here...

Amyloid β peptide (Aβ) is the major pathogenic molecule in Alzheimer's disease (AD). BACE1 enzyme essential for generation of Aβ. Deficiency p38α-MAPK neurons increases lysosomal degradation and decreases Aβ deposition brain APP-transgenic mice. However, mechanisms mediating effects are largely unknown. In this study, we used mice cultured observed that deletion specifically decreased phosphory...

background: based on recent studies, there are controversial reports on the ca-pacity of tissue cyst forming of toxoplasma gondii rh strain. in this study, the capac-ity was evaluated by in vivo and in vitro experiments. methods : rh strain was subcutaneously inoculated to ten wistar rats. after one month, their blood, brain, tongue and diaphragm were collected and evaluated by mat, pcr, pathol...

Functional ultrasound (fUS) imaging is a novel brain modality that relies on the high-sensitivity measure of cerebral blood volume achieved by ultrafast doppler angiography. As perfusion strongly linked to local neuronal activity, this technique allows whole-brain 3D mapping task-induced regional activation as well resting-state functional connectivity, non-invasively, with unmatched spatio-tem...

Somatostatin receptor subtype 4 (SST4) has been shown to mediate analgesic, antidepressant and anti-inflammatory functions without endocrine actions; therefore, it is proposed be a novel target for drug development. To overcome the species differences of SST4 expression function between humans mice, we generated an humanized mouse line serve as translational animal model preclinical research. A...