Low-dose metronomic (LDM) chemotherapy represents an emerging concept in the treatment of cancer. Directed against tumor cells and other types of cells, such as endothelial and immune cells, this treatment regimen alters the tumor microenvironment and suppresses innate features which support tumor growth. Ongoing Phase III clinical studies explore various applications of LDM chemotherapy, mostl...

Metronomic chemotherapy refers to the close, regular administration of comparatively low doses of cytotoxic drugs, with minimal or no drug-free breaks, over prolonged periods. It is thought to have an antiangiogenic basis. However, whereas surprisingly durable and potent tumor responses have been observed in a number of preclinical tumor models, relapses usually eventually occur using this type...

AIM This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of oral metronomic chemotherapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). METHODS From January 2011 to February 2013, 60 patients with mCRPC received daily metronomic oral cyclophosphamide (50 mg qd), dexamethasone (1 mg qd) and celecoxib (200 mg bid). Among them 49 patients who met the preset inclusion cri...

Toxic effects and chemoresistance are serious problems concerning chemotherapy administration. Until now adequate solutions have not been found. In the past few years, while searching for possibilities to decrease toxicity, chemotherapy given in low, frequent doses - a novel strategy called "metronomic" administration - showed promising results. There is also another method for applying low dos...

Low dose metronomic chemotherapy (LDMC) refers to prolonged administration of low dose chemotherapy designed to minimize toxicity and target the tumor endothelium, causing tumor growth inhibition. Topotecan (TPT) when administered at its maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is often associated with systemic hematological toxicities. Liposomal encapsulation of TPT enhances efficacy by shielding it from ...

Metronomic chemotherapy has shown promising activity in numerous preclinical studies and also some phase II clinical studies involving various tumor types, and is currently undergoing phase III trial evaluation. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive histological subtype with limited treatment options and very poor prognosis following progression after standard chemotherapeutic r...