In this study, the cardiopulmonary and clinical effects of S (+) ketamine/medetomidine (S-K/MED) and ketaminrazemat/medetomidine (K-R/MED) combination on mice for anaesthesia were compared. A total of 20 adult female NMRImice (body weight 33-58 g) were used for this trial. Mice were divided into two groups. 75 mg/kg S-K and 0.25 mg/kg MED intraperitoneally (IP) were given to the Group 1 (G1), w...

We compared anesthetic features, blood parameters, and physiological responses to either medetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam or dexmedetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam using a double-blinded, randomized experimental design during 40 anesthetic events of free-ranging brown bears (Ursus arctos) either captured by helicopter in Sweden or by culvert trap in Canada. Induction was smooth and predictable w...

A suitable long-term anaesthetic technique was required for implantation of physiological sensors and telemetric devices in sub-adult Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) to allow the collection of physiological data. Five Nile crocodiles with a median body mass of 24 kg were used. After manual capture, they were blindfolded and 0.2 mL (1 mg/mL) medetomidine was administered intramuscularly i...

The pharmacological effects of intramuscular (IM) administration of alfaxalone combined with medetomidine and butorphanol were evaluated in 6 healthy beagle dogs. Each dog received three treatments with a minimum 10-day interval between treatments. The dogs received an IM injection of alfaxalone 2.5 mg/kg (ALFX), medetomidine 2.5 µg/kg and butorphanol 0.25 mg/kg (MB), or their combination (MBA)...

UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are a family of metabolic enzymes responsible for the detoxification of a wide range of endoand xenobiotics, including drugs. UGTmediated metabolism is a major determinant of the pharmacokinetic behavior of many drugs in the human body, contributing to parameters such as bioavailability and elimination. UGTs catalyze the transfer of glucuronic acid from UDP-g...

J. van Heerden, Department of Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Medical University of Southern Africa, Medunsa, 0204 Republic of South Africa G.E. Swan, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria J. Dauth and M.J. Dreyer, Departmentof Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of...

Objective- The objective of the present study was to determine the changes in heart rate, respiratory rate and arterial Oxygen saturation (SpO2) by administration of three drug combinations during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Design- Experimental study. Animals- 21 healthy and adults dog were randomly divided into three groups. Procedures- The IV combination of 6.5 mg/kg ketamine and 0....