This paper proposes an estimator of factor strength and establishes its consistency asymptotic distribution. The is based on the number statistically significant loadings, taking multiple testing into account. Both cases observed unobserved factors are considered. small sample properties proposed investigated using Monte Carlo experiments. It shown that estimation inference procedures perform w...

Measurement theories are important to practice in educational measurement because they provide a background for addressing measurement problems. One of the most important problems is dealing with the Measurement Errors. A good theory can help in understanding the role of errors they play in measurement; (a) To evaluate the examinee's ability to minimize errors and (b) Correlations between varia...

Purpose: This article presents an overview of the constructive functions embracing (instead rejecting) contradictions (otherwise known as a paradox mindset or Janusian thinking). It also demonstrates positive impact tension resulting from cognitive consideration simultaneous (as opposed to traditional conviction that such dissonance isexperienced uncomfortable and reduced). Additionally, this h...