Energy is considered the basis for the progress and prosperity of nations and societies. Availability and consumption levels of energy is the best indicator of economic and social development. In many developing countries energy from crop residues (CR) has been the main source of energy, mostly in its traditional forms designed to meet the demands of domestic uses (Hall and Rosillo, 1998). In i...

Biomass burning covers open fires (forest and grassland fires, crop residue burning in fields, etc.) and biofuel combustion (crop residues and wood, etc., used as fuel). As a large agricultural country, China may produce large quantities of mercury emissions from biomass burning. A new mercury emission inventory in China is needed because previous studies reflected outdated biomass burning with...

containing about 1.90 million Mg of nutrients, are available in the IGP of India (Sarkar et al., 1999). In the Rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) farmers in Indian Punjab alone, about 12 million Mg of rice straw India burn or remove residues to facilitate seedbed preparation. Incorare burned annually, which causes about 0.7 million Mg poration of residues before planting of the...

Conservation practices retain crop residues on the soil surface that affect nutrient distribution in time and space. We hypothesized that nutrient mineralization from surface residues may not be correlated to mass loss but may depend on crop type and water availability. Frequent, moderate, and no irrigation were used to evaluate water effects on N, P, K, and mass dynamics of alfalfa (Medicago s...

Industrially produced N-fertilizer is essential to the production of cereals that supports current and projected human populations. We constructed a top-down global N budget for maize, rice, and wheat for a 50-year period (1961 to 2010). Cereals harvested a total of 1551 Tg of N, of which 48% was supplied through fertilizer-N and 4% came from net soil depletion. An estimated 48% (737 Tg) of cro...

The corn crop is one of the most important crops worldwide. However, management residues generated not efficient enough, which diminishes competitiveness this crop. An interesting option for valorization these wastes their thermal use. In order to make residue as much possible, it vital know different processes related a harvest, and try adapt use waste depending on its characteristics. Thus, i...