To determine whether the effects of fatty acids on the diabetic heart during ischemia involve altered glycolytic ATP and proton production, we measured energetics and intracellular pH (pH(i)) by using (31)P NMR spectroscopy plus [2-(3)H]glucose uptake in isolated rat hearts. Hearts from 7-wk streptozotocin diabetic and control rats, perfused with buffer containing 11 mM glucose, with or without...

The relationship between the sodium nitroprusside (SNP) test for ketone bodies in urine and concentrations of serum ß-hydroxybutyrate (ß-HB) was studied in 50 Holstein Friesian cows on a commercial dairy farm, including 10 cows in the dry period, and 22, 8 and 10 cows and in week 2, 4 and 8 of lactation, respectively. Urine and blood samples were collected from all cows and were transported to ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The ketogenic diet was formulated to mimic the biochemical changes seen upon fasting, specifically the formation of ketone bodies. Recent research data suggest that the anticonvulsant efficacy of the KD may be due in part to the direct actions of ketone bodies. This study was designed to investigate the anticonvulsant effects of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) on pilocarpine-indu...

Hepatic cirrhosis with portal hypertension and gastroesophageal hemorrhage is a disease complex that continues to be treated by surgical portasystemic shunts. Whether or not a reduction or diversion of portal blood flow to the liver adversely affects the ability of the liver to maintain fuel homeostasis via gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and ketogenesis is unknown. 11 patients with biopsy-pro...

The rates of conversion into 14CO2 of D-(-)-3-hydroxy[3-14C]butyrate, [3-14C]acetoacetate, [6-14C]glucose and [U-14C]glutamine were measured in the presence and absence of unlabelled alternative oxidizable substrates in whole homogenates from the brains of young and adult rats. The addition of unlabelled glutamine resulted in decreased 14CO2 production from [6-14C]glucose in brain homogenates f...

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, very-low-carbohydrate diet that triggers a fasting state by decreasing glucose and increasing ketone bodies, such as β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB). In experimental models and clinical trials, the KD has shown anti-tumor effects, possibly by reducing energy supplies to cells, which damage the tumor microenvironment and inhibit tumor growth. Here, we determined ex...

Dickmann and Cloutier (1) observed that aconitase is stabilized and activated by ferrous iron and reducing agents such as ascorbic acid or cysteine. This led Takeda and Hara (2) to study the urinary excretion of citric acid and ketone bodies in scorbutic and oc,oc’-dipyridyl-injected guinea pigs after the animals were fed butyrate. These animals excreted increased amounts of citric acid and ket...

There is a theory of long standing that post-parturient dyspepsia of cattle, or bovine ketosis as it is often called, is caused by an inadequate calorie intake; the same has also been suggested of the condition known as pregnancy toxaemia in ewes. It was felt, therefore, that it might be of value to make a detailed study of starvation ketosis in those animals, especially as earlier experiments ...

The effects of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone on fatty acid and pyruvate metabolism were studied in rat hepatocyte cultures. Parenchymal hepatocytes were cultured for 24 h with nanomolar concentrations of dexamethasone in either the absence or the presence of insulin (10 nM) or dibutyryl cyclic AMP (1 microM BcAMP). Dexamethasone (1-100 nM) increased the rate of formation of ketone bodies fro...

In the suckling newborn rat, blood ketone bodies begin to increase slowly 4h after birth and then rise sharply between 12 and 16h, whereas the major increase in plasma non-esterified fatty acids and liver carnitine occurs during the first 2h of life, parallel with the onset of suckling. In the starved newborn rat, which shows no increase in liver carnitine unless it is fed with a carnitine solu...