The relationship between financial development and economic growth has been subjected to several debates by various authors. It has been argued that a competitive and efficient financial sector is a prerequisite for economic growth and development. The objective of this study therefore is to examine the relationship between bank competition and economic growth in Nigeria for the period 1986 – 2...

The American ten-year bond market, which is of great importance for financial markets, a leading indicator asset prices and other macroeconomic indicators. In the study, cointegration causality relationship between weekly data 2021:01-2022:02 US interest rates crude oil was examined. As result Johansen Granger tests, it concluded that there long-term in analyzed period, deviations are short-ter...

The main hypothesis of the paper states that banking loans to private individuals growth rate correlates with the personal consumption growth rate in Croatia. Following the Engle-Granger cointegration and Johansen cointegration approaches on yearly data samples from 1996 to 2012, we found banking loan to private individuals annual growth rate and personal consumption annual growth rate in Croat...

Researchers must understand that naively relying on the reliability of statistical software packages may result in suboptimal, biased, or erroneous results, which affects applied economic theory and conclusions policy recommendations drawn from it. To create confidence a result, several should be to same estimation problem. This study examines results three (EViews, R, Stata) analysis time-seri...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact gas production, use and flaring on economic growth Republic Congo during period 2006-2019. results unit root test reveal that bulk variables are stationary at level therefore integrated order zero, however, labor input which first difference one. Johansen cointegration shows all time series cointegrated have a long-run equilibrium relations...

This study examines the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on agricultural sector in Ivory Coast from 1990 to 2018. Phillips-Peron tests and augmented Dickey-Fuller were employed for a unit root variables. The Johansen Cointegration test VAR used estimate stability normality. VECM analyze short-term long-term dynamics. Results reveal that FDI has negative long run relationship but signif...

Implementing public policies linked to sustainable development is a global challenge for most countries that focused their efforts on identifying and improving the factors led environment degradation. The current paper analyzes influence of primary indicators finances (public debt budget deficit) renewable-energy consumption (REN), emerging economies within European Union. main objective this r...

Agricultural commodity markets are critical to the global economy. This study investigates price discovery mechanism, lead-lag relationship, and volatility spillover between spot prices on National Agriculture Market (E-NAM) futures Commodity Derivative Exchange (NCDEX) in Indian agricultural market. The Johansen Cointegration, Vector Error Correction (VEC), Granger causality tests, bivariate G...

This paper sought to investigate the cointegration relationship between asymmetric information and equity returns. Previous literature has shown influences Assets returns but it is less known whether there exists a long run these variables. In this regard stationarity tests Johansen test were employed ascertain two Data composed of monthly transaction on 20 equities used in formulation NSE shar...