This paper documents the extent of union coverage and performance-related pay (PRP) – the latter representing one aspect of pay flexibility across standard and non-standard workers in Britain, using the first seven waves of the British Household Panel Survey, 1991-1997. We find there is no evidence of expansion of either union coverage or PRP towards any type of non-standard employment in the 1...

Industrial Relations and the Wage Differentials between Skilled and Unskilled Blue-Collar Workers within Establishments: An Empirical Analysis with Data of Manufacturing Firms Increased wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers is a stylized fact, which can be observed in many developed countries. Among the explanations advanced for this phenomenon is the increasing globalization, a...

Outsourcing of Unionized Firms and the Impact of Labor Market Policy Reforms This paper shows that outsourcing of parts of workforce in unionized firms leads to wage moderation both in the case of strategic and flexible outsourcing and as long as the share of the outsourced workforce is not too large, this wage-moderation effect on domestic employment outweighs the direct substitution effect so...

Relative photodetachment cross sections for rotational thresholds of the hydroxide anion were measured using a coaxial laser-ion beam spectrometer. The thresholds correspond to transitions from the J51 and J52 states of X S OH to the J53/2 state of X P3/2 OH. Best fits of the data give cross sections that scale with energy above threshold as (E2E th) 0.1860.06 and (E2E th) 0.2160.05 for the two...

We analyse the following question associated with flexible outsourcing under partly imperfect dual domestic labour markets, where skilled workers participate in a firm’s profit: First, how does the implementation of profit sharing influence flexible outsourcing and low-skilled wage and thus how does it affect employment? Second, how do the outsourcing costs affect the low-skilled wage? We show ...

The Effect of Firm-Level Contracts on the Structure of Wages: Evidence from Matched Employer-Employee Data In Spain, as in several other European countries, sectoral bargaining agreements are automatically extended to cover all firms in an industry. Employers and employees can also negotiate firm-specific contracts. We use a large matched employer-employee data set to study the effects of firm-...

We present a neutron-scattering study of the quantum dynamics of molecular hydrogen trapped inside solid C60 . The loading isotherm is shown to deviate significantly from a standard Langmuir response and follows instead an exponential form, increasing from 40% filling at 130 atm to 90% at 700 atm. Diffraction data confirm that the adsorbed molecules are randomly oriented and sit exclusively at ...

Reforming German Labor Market Institutions: A Dual Path to Flexibility Germany has always been one of the prime examples of institutional complementarities between social insurance, a rather passive welfare state, strong employment protection and collective bargaining that stabilize diversified quality production. This institutional arrangement was criticized for being the main cause of inferio...

This paper examines unionism’s relationship to the size of the middle class and its relationship to intergenerational mobility. Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) 1985 and 2011 files are used to examine the change in the share of workers in a middle-income group (defined by persons having incomes within 50 percent of the median) and use a shift-share decomposition to explore how the decline ...

In random coefficients linear IV models, fixed effects averages of the individual-specific coefficients are biased in short panels due to the finite-sample bias of IV estimators. This paper introduces a new class of bias-corrected semiparametric estimators for panel models where the response to the regressors can be individual-specific in an unrestricted way. These estimators are based on momen...