We examined in a rabbit model of transient spinal cord ischemia (SCI) whether isoflurane (Iso) preconditioning induces ischemic tolerance to SCI in a dose-response manner, and whether this effect is dependent on mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium (K(ATP)) channel. Eighty-six rabbits were randomly assigned to 10 groups: Control group (n=8) received no pretreatment. Ischemic...

Human platelets that had been preincubated with 5-hydroxy[(3)H]tryptamine and [(32)P]P(i) were stirred with various agents; the secretion of 5-hydroxy[(3)H]tryptamine from platelet granules and the radioactivity of platelet [(32)P]phosphopolypeptides separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis were then measured. Exposure of the platelets to collagen fibres or ionoph...

The search for the role of solar and tidal cycles in terrestrial climate records is an interesting curiosity. Powerful clean spectroscopy of high resolution carbon and oxygen isotope records from the tropical western Pacific Sulu Sea, over the past 9000–22000 years reveals statistically significant (at >90% confidence interval) spectral lines corresponding to periods of 2980, 690, 322, 250, 174...

In this paper we report an experiment carried out in a large Spanish savings bank with over 22000 employees and more than 4400 branches to test the feasibility of knowledge creation in a virtual environment, aiming at the participation of as many employees as possible. This paper explores how a specific organizational initiative, based on setting up a virtual environment that facilitates partic...

This contribution addresses the questions:  Why International Standards?  What is ISO?  How does ISO develop standards? The focus are the Key principles in standard development: 1. ISO standards respond to a need in the market 2. ISO standards are based on global expert opinion 3. ISO standards are developed through a multi-stakeholder process 4. ISO standards are based on a consensus Finall...