Drawing on the institution-based view of intellectual property (IP) rights, we argue that “distance” in IP protection strength MNEs’ home and host countries reduces ability MNEs to innovate at foreign subsidiary locations. We contend this logic applies both directions—i.e., (1) downward direction, when originating from stronger regimes weaker regimes, (2) upward regimes. Furthermore, suggest ne...

Reusable Intellectual Property (IP) cores have become an obligatory mandate for combating conflicting objectives of maximizing design productivity and minimizing design cycle time. However, a reusable IP core needs protection against false (illegal) claim of ownership. In this paper, we propose a novel computational forensic engineering (CFE) based approach for resolving ownership problem of a ...

Test Suite for TDM Services over MPLS TR-248/ATP-248 (IP/MPLS Forum 23.0.0) February 2010 © The Broadband Forum. All rights reserved 2 Note: The user’s attention is called to the possibility that implementation of the MPLS implementation agreement contained herein may require the use of inventions covered by patent rights held by third parties. By publication of this MPLS implementation agreeme...

One of the most significant issues of today’s world is the intellectual property (IP) dispute between the developing countries and the developed. The TRIPs and the IP policies of the developed countries in the rest of the world have been vehemently criticised because the interests of the poor are not treated equally. Under this background, academic researches on the validation of IP laws shall ...

Multicasting has become increasingly important with the emergence of Internet-based applications such as IP telephony, audio/video conferencing, distributed databases and software upgrading. IP multicasting is an efficient way to distribute information from a single source to multiple destinations at different locations. In practice IP is considered as a layer 3 protocol. Multiprotocol Label Sw...

Although international law forbids nuclear attacks, only nine states have mutually assured destruction available to prevent direct attacks against themselves, while non-nuclear few substantive options deter a attack. This study analyzes the economic impacts of theoretical agreement that eliminates patent rights for any aggressor (i.e., free global compulsory licensing all intellectual property ...

INtrODUctION Enterprises are facing challenges in protecting their intellectual property (IP) due to the rapid technological changes, shortened lifecycles, and the intangibility of products. The IP protection granted by the national intellectual property rights (IPRs) legislation does not correspond very well with the needs of enterprises operating in a rapidly changing business environment (An...

Objectives: This study is aimed to determine whether loss of preconditioning (IP) effects in the middle-aged hearts (MA) is due to the failure of protein kinase C (PKC) activation and, if so, whether direct activation of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels (m-K ) or PKC mimics IP. Background: PKC is a mediator and m-K may be its downstream effector of IP in young adult hearts ATP ATP...

This paper presents the main aspects of research, analysis and design of the open identity management architecture for e-government development within GUIDE, a project financed by the 6FP of the EC. The most important identity management issues strongly influencing the European e-government development are briefly discussed. An emphasis is placed on the innovative interdisciplinary approach use...