With the rapid warming in past few decades, snow water equivalent (SWE) winter and spring decreased generally over Northern Hemisphere, but an increasing trend occurred some areas, especially east Siberia. In this paper, we analyze sources reasons for SWE increase Siberia since 1979 document projected future changes region. The were not significant four decades until 2000s, increased rapidly th...

This analysis was conducted on 31 synoptic stations in Iran. Initially, the Mann-Kendall test was administered in order to analyse the trend of alterations of these two components over time and the results suggest that 16% of the stations show significant relationship with annual precipitation (positive and negative). More stations showed significant relationships between sunspots and minimum a...

this analysis was conducted on 31 synoptic stations in iran. initially, the mann-kendall test was administered in order to analyse the trend of alterations of these two components over time and the results suggest that 16% of the stations show significant relationship with annual precipitation (positive and negative). more stations showed significant relationships between sunspots and minimum a...

sabzkouh protected area, with the variety of natural ecosystems and landscapes, is very rich from the point of diversity in climate, topography, habitats and wildlife that is located in central zagros. evidences show that its ecosystems such as other iranian semiarid natural ecosystems, undergone changes in their vegetation structure over the past years. obtaining multi-spectral and multi-tempo...

IntroductionIn 2012 a large epidemic of pertussis occurred in the Netherlands. We assessed pertussis toxin (PT) antibody levels in longitudinal serum samples from Dutch 10-18 year-olds, encompassing the epidemic, to investigate pertussis infection incidence. Methods: Blood was sampled in October 2011 (n = 239 adolescents), then 1 year (2012; n = 228) and 3 years (2014; n = 167) later. PT-IgG co...

background & aim: the aim of the study was to define the epidemiological characteristics of most important infectious diseases in iran in recent decades. methods & materials: this was a situation trend analysis of infectious diseases (vector and water borne disease, and food borne diseases) in recent decades based on data availability. three significance levels were used for mann-kendall test (...

INTRODUCTIONIn ovo RNA interference (RNAi) is a method for silencing a gene of interest using a combination of in ovo injection and electroporation in avian embryos. Here we describe gene silencing in the developing spinal cord, but the procedure can easily be adapted to other parts of the nervous system. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) derived from the gene of interest is injected into the develop...

In mice, recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) make up a large part of the naïve T cell pool and have been suggested to be a distinct short-lived pool. In humans, however, the life span and number of RTEs are unknown. Although (2)H(2)O labeling in young mice showed high thymic-dependent daily naïve T cell production, long term up- and down-labeling with (2)H(2)O in human adults revealed a low daily pr...