In the near future oral polio vaccine (OPV) will be replaced by inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) as part of the eradication program of polio. For that reason, there is a need for substantial amount of safe and more affordable IPV for low-income countries. Bioneedles, which are biodegradable mini-implants, have the potential to deliver vaccines outside the cold-chain and administer them without t...

Polio eradication, like all eradication efforts, is a gamble. If it fails, much of the money spent will have been wasted. If it succeeds, the world will reap a dividend. Success or failure and the magnitude of the dividend depend on a long chain of "weakest links." In this paper I identify these links and explain how the chain can be strengthened. A crucial vulnerability is the current plan to ...

  Background: Nanoparticles have been considered as promising tools because of their high applicability. Recently, nanoparticles have been evaluated for their ability to increase the immune responses as adjuvants. Silver-nanoparticles (AgNPs) have shown promising results in enhancing Th-2 immune responses and to produce potent neutralizing antibodies. Neutralizing antibodies are considered as t...

     Poliomyelitis is a highly infectious viral disease which is mainly transmitted via contaminated food and drinking water by human feces, especially in situations of poor hygiene and sanitation (1). This disease is caused by 3 types of wild poliovirus (WPV) (types 1, 2 and 3), and immunity against one type does not create immunity against other types. In our country according National Immuni...

Innate antiviral substances occur in vertebrates and may function as host defenses. Virus infections are common among invertebrates, but little is known about the ability of invertebrates to control viral infections. Pre-existing antiviral substances may be particularly important, since invertebrates lack the antiviral defense conferred by specific immunity. In our study, we found that tissue e...

Circulating Vaccine Derived Poliovirus (cVDPV), is a genetic mutation of the Sabin virus. Sierra Leone reported its last case wild polio virus in 2010. However, December 2020, national disease surveillance program was notified three people with acute flaccid paralysis who had cVDPV2. We investigated to identify source, determine magnitude outbreak and risk factors.

The WHO European Region has been declared polio-free since 2002. By 2010, inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) was the only polio vaccine in use in the EU/EEA for the primary vaccination of children. A systematic review of the literature on polio seroprevalence studies, complemented by the analysis of available vaccine coverage data, has been carried out with the aim of assessing the level of protec...

Each country and territory using the trivalent oral polio vaccine (that protects against three types of the virus) should switch to the bivalent oral polio vaccine (that protects against two types of the virus) during the last two weeks of April next year, a group of experts has concluded. The Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on immunization (SAGE), which advises WHO, said that the 149 count...

Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance) is an international organization built through public-private partnership. GAVI has supported more than 200 vaccine introductions in the last 5 years by financing major proportion of costs of vaccine to 73 low-income countries using a co-financing model. GAVI has worked in close co-ordination with Global Polio Eradicatio...