Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and IL-13, Th2 cell-derived cytokines, play major roles in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases. These cytokines up-regulate or down-regulate the production of arachidonic acid metabolites. In this study, we have investigated the effect of IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and other cytokines on A23187-stimulated synthesis of leukotriene (LT) B(4) in human polymorphonuclear leu...

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) remains a leading skin disease in many countries. In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of Piper nigrum fruit extract (PFE) on trimellitic anhydride (TMA)-induced dermatitis and its potential mechanism of action. Oral administration of PFE and prednisolone (PS) significantly suppressed TMA-induced increases in ear, epidermal thickness, and infilt...

Using IgG immune complex deposition to trigger acute lung inflammation in rats, we have previously shown that exogenously administered IL-13 suppresses the acute inflammatory response. In the same model, expression of both mRNA and protein for IL-13 has now been detected. Treatment of rats with Ab to IL-13 accentuated the inflammatory response, with significant increases in lung vascular permea...

Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) play an important role in eosinophilic airway inflammation. In addition to their direct chemotactic effects on eosinophils, indirect effects have been reported. Eotaxin is a potent eosinophil-specific chemotactic factor produced mainly by fibroblasts. We investigated whether CysLTs augment eosinophilic inflammation via eotaxin production by fibroblasts. Leukotrie...

background: il-17/il-23 axis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) and multiple sclerosis (ms). the immunomodulatory properties of ginger are reported in previous studies. objective: to evaluate the effects of ginger extract on the expression of il-17 and il-23 in a model of eae. methods: eae was induce...

The extent of type 2 cytokine gene expression in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) was studied by use of quantitative nested reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction on freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 mRNA expression was significantly greater in patients-median mRNA copy numbers were 1.7 and 1.1 log10 higher, respectively-than in ...

Both IL-4 and IL-10 are regulatory cytokines produced by Th2 cells that can down-regulate cell-mediated immune responses. The studies reported here examine the influence of various cytokines in the regulation of T cell IL-10 production. The results indicate that IL-10 gene expression by TCR transgenic Th2 cells is significantly up-regulated by IL-4 in the absence of TCR signals. IL-4 enhances b...