Patients 2027 patients (median age 37 y) formed the derivation set: inception cohort of participants in the EuroSIDA study who were > 16 years of age and had started a protease inhibitor or non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor as part of a HAART antiretroviral regimen and had CD4 cell counts and viral loads measured within 6 months before starting HAART and > 1 measurement after start...

BACKGROUND Young gay and bisexual men may perceive that the consequences of HIV infection have dramatically improved with the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy. We therefore sought to identify trends in HIV infection rates and associated risk behaviours among young gay and bisexual men in Vancouver. METHODS Prospective cohort study involving gay and bisexual men aged 18-30 ...

BACKGROUND Candidiasis is the most common opportunistic infection seen in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. The aim of our study was to estimate the candidiasis rate and evaluate its trend in HIV-infected children in Spain during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) compared to HIV-uninfected children. METHODS We carried out a retrospective study. Dat...

The non-adherence to the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is considered one of the most threatening risks for the effectiveness of the treatment of the person with HIV/AIDS on the individual plan and for the resistance-virus dissemination on the collective plan. The objective of this study was to analyze, through a literature review, the predicting factors of non-adherence to the HA...

Histoplasmosis and penicilliosis are fungal infections with similar clinical presentation and laboratory findings that were reported mainly in the era prior to highly active antiretroviral therapy. We conducted a retrospective review at two hospitals in Central Thailand of the medical records of HIV-positive patients with microbiologic evidence of histoplasmosis or penicilliosis between January...

The importance of co-morbidity in older HIV-infected patients We read with interest the recent study by Tumbarello et al. [1]. The authors compared a group of HIV-infected older patients (aged. 50 years) with a group of younger patients (aged 20–35 years). All patients received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The older cohort had a lower mean CD4 cell count than the younger cohort...

BACKGROUND Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common cancer diagnosed among people with HIV in the United States. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is an essential treatment for KS, and recent reports document the emergence of racial disparities in KS incidence and HIV-related mortality in the post-HAART era (1996 to present). The aim of this study was to examine trends in KS survival...

Exclusive and safe formula feeding can eliminate the risk of vertical HIV transmission due to breastfeeding. Therefore, many countries advise all HIV-positive women to avoid breastfeeding their infants. However, little research explores the experiences of women attempting to exclusively formula feed in countries with free and universal access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Thi...

BACKGROUND Adherence to therapy is a dynamic behavior. However, few studies have identified factors associated with changes in adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among men and women. METHODS From 1999 through 2004, self-reported adherence to HAART was recorded twice yearly as part of 2 prospective cohort studies. At each study visit, participants were categorized as bei...

Pregnant women are increasingly being initiated on antiretroviral therapy either as part of prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV or as purely highly active antiretroviral therapy.In this case report, we describe a 26 year old woman who was 28 weeks pregnant and who presented after 4 weeks of initiation of antiretroviral therapy with a herpes zoster eruption and how the case was man...