Numerous prior studies have indicated that viable rotavirus reassortants containing structural proteins of heterologous parental origin may express unexpected phenotypes, such as changes in infectivity and immunogenicity. To provide a structural basis for alterations in phenotypic expression, a three-dimensional structural analysis of these reassortants was conducted. The structures of the reas...

Attenuated Salmonella are useful oral vaccine vectors capable of carrying multiple heterologous antigen genes, but optimal expression of foreign antigens has not yet been achieved. We hypothesized that Salmonella phoP-activated genes, which are transcriptionally activated within antigen-processing macrophages, could prove useful for delivery of heterologous antigens to the immune system. We hav...

Clear cellrenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignant renal tumor in adults, while chromophobe RCC (CRCC) is the third most common. Any subtypes of RCC can undergo sarcomatoid differentiation, but heterologous differentiation in sarcomatoid area is very rare in RCC. Here a61-year male is presented with hematuria and palpable mass. Clinicoradiologically, RCC was considered and left r...

Background: The potential of plants, as a safe and eukaryotic system, is considered in the production of recombinant therapeutic human protein today; but the expression level of heterologous proteins is limited by the post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) response in this new technology. The use of viral suppressors of gene silencing can prevent PTGS and improve transient expression level ...

Background: Detection of hepatitis C virus specific antibodies is the initial step in chronic HCV diagnosis.  HCV NS4B is among the most immunogenic HCV antigens and has been widely used in commercial Enzyme Immunoassays (EIA). Additionally, NS4B, a key protein in the virus replication, can be an alternative target for antiviral therapy. Objectives: Development of a new method for high-level ex...

This article summarizes evolving concepts and scientific findings on cell wall feruloylation ferulate oxidative coupling processes in grasses, the effects these have wide range of properties consequent plant responses to biotic abiotic stress tissue degradability. Updates different strategies that been applied genetically modifying are presented. Special emphasis is given modification by hetero...

Abstract Physcion is an anthraquinone compound observed dominantly in medicinal herbs. This possesses a variety of pharmaceutically important activities and has been developed to be widely used antifungal biopesticide. Herein, we report on the effective preparation 3R -torosachrysone ( 4 ), tetrahydroanthracene precursor physcion, Aspergillus oryzae NSAR1 by heterologous expression related gene...

Abstract Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) are some of the most promising biotherapeutics due to versatility provided by their structure and functional features. bsAbs simultaneously bind two antigens or epitopes on same antigen. Moreover, they capable directing immune effector cells cancer delivering various compounds (radionuclides, toxins, immunologic agents) target cells, thus offering a broad ...

Bacilli are ubiquitous low G+C environmental Gram-positive bacteria that produce a wide assortment of specialized small molecules. Although their natural product biosynthetic potential is high, robust molecular tools to support the heterologous expression of large biosynthetic gene clusters in Bacillus hosts are rare. Herein we adapt transformation-associated recombination (TAR) in yeast to des...

Lectins are proteins that have the ability to recognize and bind in a reversible and specific way to free carbohydrates or glycoconjugates of cell membranes. For these reasons, they have been extensively used in a wide range of industrial and pharmacological applications. Currently, there is great interest in their production on a large scale. Unfortunately, conventional techniques do not provi...