This paper presents a phenomenological diagnosis of the implementation ProDuct-based Instruction (PDI) in EFL’s writing class Thailand contexts. PDI is new instructional method for teaching business English writing. Its key products that are tangible and appeal to human senses; product’s tangibility serves as scaffold help students generate ideas stimulate analysis interrogations. The study foc...

This paper discusses how to change English-as-a-Second. Language reading instruction within Japanese senior high schools into communication, or interaction between students and the text. It focuses on the use of top-down skills to increase reading comprehension, noting that Japanese teachers tend to naturally emphasize bottom-up skills and neglect top-down skills. Four chapters look at the foll...

The dorsal blastopore lip (known as the Spemann organizer) is important for making the body plan in amphibian gastrulation. The organizer is believed to involute inward and migrate animally to make physical contact with the prospective head neuroectoderm at the blastocoel roof of mid- to late-gastrula. However, we found that this physical contact was already established at the equatorial region...

In some animal groups, the secondary embryonic axis is patterned by a small group of cells, often called an organizer, that signals to other cells to establish the correct pattern of cell fates. The Dpp/BMP2-4 pathway plays a central role in secondary axis patterning in many animals [1-11], but it has not been examined during early axial patterning in spiralian embryogenesis. This is a deeply c...

The Spemann-Mangold organizer [6], also known as the Spemann organizer [6], is a cluster of cells in the developing embryo of an amphibian that induces development of the central nervous system [7]. Hilde Mangold [8] was a PhD candidate who conducted the organizer [6] experiment in 1921 under the direction of her graduate advisor, Hans Spemann [9] at the University of Freiburg [10] in Freiburg,...

Reading comprehension is a significant concern for adolescents with learning disabilities (LD), particularly in secondary schools in the United States (US) where content is taught primarily through textbooks. Surprisingly little is known about the actual reading instruction for students with LD in secondary classrooms. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the reading comprehension ins...

Introduction Previous reviews of AR-DRG, such as that by Aisbett, Wiley et al (2007), have shown prior versions of ARDRG to be among the world’s best in practice, and that further major improvements in grouper performance are unlikely to have occurred. More recent work, such as that by Aisbett, Aisbett, Sutch et al (2008), has shown that hospitals dealing with (age) restricted sub-populations m...