The pro-inflammatory cytokine, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), has been proposed to be one of the mediators that link chronic inflammation to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Many studies have demonstrated the effects of IL-6 on insulin action in the skeletal muscle. However, few studies have investigated the effect of long-term treatment of IL-6, leading to glucose intolerance and insulin res...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological disorder characterized by profound memory loss and progressive dementia. Accumulating evidence suggests that Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, significantly increases the risk for developing AD. Whereas amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and neurofibrillary tangles are major histological ...

Measurements and main results: Relative to subjects with a respiratory disturbance index of less than 5.0 events/hour (the reference category), subjects with mild SDB (5.0–14.9 events/hour) and moderate to severe SDB (≥15 events/hour) had adjusted odds ratios of 1.27 (95% confidence interval: 0.98, 1.64) and 1.46 (95% confidence interval: 1.09, 1.97), respectively, for fasting glucose intoleran...

The liver has a large capacity for mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, which is critical for systemic metabolic adaptations such as gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis. To understand the role of hepatic fatty acid oxidation in response to a chronic high-fat diet (HFD), we generated mice with a liver-specific deficiency of mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation (Cpt2L-/- mice). Paradoxica...

An increased prevalence of insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and diabetes has been reported in HIV infection in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. This development might be clinically significant because of its association with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality as well as the therapeutic challenges of managing polypharmacy. The development of insulin resistance, gl...

Hereditary predisposition to diet-induced type 2 diabetes has not yet been fully elucidated. We recently established 2 mouse lines with different susceptibilities (resistant and prone) to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced glucose intolerance by selective breeding (designated selectively bred diet-induced glucose intolerance-resistant [SDG-R] and -prone [SDG-P], respectively). To investigate the predi...

We recently established 2 mouse lines with different susceptibilities (prone and resistant) to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced glucose intolerance by selective breeding (designated selectively bred diet-induced glucose intolerance-prone [SDG-P] and -resistant [SDG-R], respectively). In the present study, we analyzed transgenerational changes in metabolic phenotypes in these 2 mouse colonies to expl...

BACKGROUND Undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) have important health consequences. METHODS AND RESULTS To examine the prevalence of undiagnosed glucose intolerance, oral glucose tolerance tests were administered to 1,142 consecutively enrolled middle-aged subjects (age range 40-55 years; 914 men, mean 50.7 years; 228 women, mean 49.4 years) who worked in a ...

Etiology of type 2 diabetes in older adults The incidence of type 2 diabetes in older adults is attributable to two primary factors: 1) changes in metabolism (e.g., increased insulin resistance and decreased insulin production) and 2) changes in weight and physical activity. The development of glucose intolerance is a recognizable metabolic change that occurs during aging, and some degree of gl...

Glucose intolerance characterized by postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia is commonly seen in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). The aim of this study is to clarify the relation between glucose intolerance and disorder of liver function in patients with LC. The 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (75 g OGTT) and the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp combined with 0.2 g/kg oral glucose ...