Simple equations are derived to carry out degree of freedom analyses quickly and almost mechanically, using easily countable physical entities. It is shown that the outlet stream freedom does not depend on the number of component substances, and in many cases not on the number of phases. The concept of phase constraint is introduced to facilitate the degree of freedom analysis.

By showing that transitions may be obviated by recruiting degrees of freedom in the coupled pendulum paradigm, the authors reveal a novel mechanism for coordinative flexibility. In Experiment 1, participants swung pairs of unconstrained pendulums in 2 planes of motion (sagittal and frontal) at 8 movement frequencies starting from either an in-phase or antiphase mode. Few transitions were observ...

This paper did a survey in the area of degrees of freedom (DoF) in wireless network. We give the definitions of degrees of freedom in different areas first. Then we introduce some methods used to determine the degrees of freedom in different scenario. In section IV, we discuss the applications of the degrees of freedom. We state some interesting open questions in the end of this survey.

The article offers a conceptual framework for describing freedom and power in terms of human behavior in multiple overlapping systems. Power and freedom describe relations of influence and susceptibility over the principles, policies, perceptions and preferences; outcomes; and configurations available to human beings, in each case as characterized by the affordances and constraints of an agent ...

For the internal dynamics of molecules it is of crucial importance that nuclei are much heavier than electrons. This leads to the adiabatic picture of the nuclei motion with respect to the motion of electrons. In the adiabatic picture, the coordinates of nuclei play the role of external parameters with respect to the state of the electronic sub-system, that is they play the same role as the adi...

We explore the available degrees of freedom for various multiuser MIMO communication scenarios such as the multiple access, broadcast, interference, relay, X and Z channels. For the two user MIMO interference channel, we find a general inner bound and a genie-aided outer bound that give us the exact number of degrees of freedom in many cases. We also study a share-and-transmit scheme for transm...