In this paper, we present a system for detecting negation in English text. We address three tasks: negation cue detection, negation scope resolution and negated event identification. We pose these tasks as sequence labeling problems. For each task, we train a Conditional Random Field (CRF) model on lexical, structural, and syntactic features extracted from labeled data. The models are trained a...

Paraconsistent logics are generally considered somewhat esoteric. Moreover, someone argued that they simply not exist, because paraconsistent negations are not negations. The aim of this work is to provide some valid reasons to reject both these assumptions. Negation as finite failure (NAF) is the standard way to compute negation, used, for instance, by all the known (to me) Prolog implementati...

In this paper I explore the logical range of sentential negation types predicted by the theory of HPSG. I find that typological surveys confirm that attested simple negation strategies neatly line up with the types of lexical material given by assuming Lexical Integrity and standard Phrase Structure Grammar dependencies. I then extend the methodology to bipartite negation and derive a space of ...

Negation is a universal phenomenon in human communication. All natural languages have negation, yet it seems to be absent in animal communication systems (S Altmann, 1967). We use negation frequently for a wide range of purposes, including rejection, denial and talking about non-existence. According to the Oxford English Corpus, “not” is the 13 most frequently used word in the English language....

This paper deals with a new family of (A, N)-implications that derived from fuzzy negation and continuous monotone function, and some properties, like the left neutrally, the exchange principle, the ordering property and the laws of contraposition, of the proposed family of (A, N)-implications are studied. Moreover, the T-conditionality and the Modus tollens for the new family of (A, N)-i...

Probabilistic logic programs without negation can have cycles (with a preference for false), but cannot represent all conditional distributions. Probabilistic logic programs with negation can represent arbitrary conditional probabilities, but with cycles they create logical inconsistencies. We show how allowing negative noise probabilities allows us to represent arbitrary conditional probabilit...

one of the main dichotomies in syntactic analyses deals with the distinction between lexical and functional categories. functional categories gain in stature as the generative grammar moves ahead. they come into play in explaining the derivation stages of phrases and sentences. the present study critically evaluates different approaches to the role and function of one of these functional catego...

Many studies have shown the advantage of processing visualizable words over non-visualizables due to the associated image code. The present paper reports the case of negation in which imagery could slow down processing. Negation reverses the truth value of a proposition from false to true or vice versa. Consequently, negation works only on propositions (reversing their truth value) and cannot a...

In this paper we present a description of negation cues and their scope in biomedical texts, based on the cues that occur in the BioScope corpus. We provide information relative to the ambiguity of the negation cue and to the type of scope, as well as examples. We show that the scope depends mostly on the part-of-speech of the cue and on the syntactic features of the clause. Although several st...

This paper continues our study in fuzzy interval logic based on the Checklist Paradigm(CP) semantics of Bandler and Kohout. We investigate the fuzzy interval system of negation which was defined by the Sheffer(NAND), the Nicod(NOR) and the implication connectives of m1 interval system in depth. The top-bottom(TOPBOT) pair of fuzzy negation interval shows non-involutive property; however, it sho...