Adaptive compression methods build models of symbol sequences. In many areas of computer science, models of sequences are constructed for their explanatory value. In contrast, data compression schemes use models that are opaque in that they do not provide descriptions of the sequence that can be understood or applied in other domains. Statistical methods that compress text well invariably gener...

Computational notebooks combine code, visualizations, and text in a single document. Researchers, data analysts, and even journalists are rapidly adopting this new medium. We present three studies of how they are using notebooks to document and share exploratory data analyses. In the first, we analyzed over 1 million computational notebooks on GitHub, finding that one in four had no explanatory...

Clustering textual contents is an important step in mining useful information on the web or other text-based resources. The common task in text clustering is to handle text in a multi-dimensional space, and to partition documents into groups, where each group contains documents that are similar to each other. However, this strategy lacks a comprehensive view for humans in general since it canno...

This article retraces how financial stability considerations interacted with US monetary policy before and during the Great Recession. Using text-mining techniques, this innovates by constructing indicators for sentiment expressed testimonies of five Federal Reserve Chairs. Including these text-based measures adds explanatory power to Taylor-rule models. Negative coincided a more accommodative ...

Abstract Accounts of scientific explanation disagree about what’s required for a cause, law, or other fact to be reason why an event occurs. In short, they the conditions explanatory relevance. Nonetheless, most accounts presuppose that claims relevance play descriptive role in tracking reality. By rejecting need this descriptivist assumption, I develop expressivist account and explanation: jud...

We propose that qualitative physics can provide an important component of natural language semantics. Specifically, we describe how qualitative process theory can be recast in terms of frame semantics, as used in the Berkeley FrameNet project. This reformulation is important because it could allow the techniques of qualitative reasoning to be harnessed for natural language understanding and it ...

men, thorax, head and neck, the central nervous system, and the organs of the special senses : the descriptions are clearly written, concise and generally correct, though there is nothing very striking in the matter of the text. The instructions for dissection, which are appended to each section, as in Vol. J, and which constitute the "practical anatomy," are not always full enough, and though ...